Determinan Alokasi Pembiayaan Sektor Umkm Oleh Bank Umum Syariah Di Indonesia

Abstract

Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) berperan strategis bagi perekonomian Indonesia, namun menghadapi kendala akses pembiayaan. Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) berpotensi menjadi solusi, tetapi alokasi pembiayaan modal kerja UMKM masih rendah. Penelitian ini menganalisis determinan alokasi pembiayaan modal kerja UMKM oleh BUS serta pengaruh kebijakan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 23/13/PBI/2021 tentang Rasio Pembiayaan Inklusif Makroprudensial (RPIM) dan pandemi COVID-19 dengan metode Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) menggunakan data kuartal I 2016–kuartal IV 2024. Hasil menunjukkan, dalam jangka pendek, ROA, IHK, kebijakan RPIM, dan pandemi COVID-19 berpengaruh signifikan, sedangkan dalam jangka panjang, BI rate, PDB, kebijakan RPIM, dan pandemi COVID-19 signifikan. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya penguatan kebijakan dan efisiensi BUS untuk mendukung pembiayaan UMKM secara berkelanjutan.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy but face financing access constraints. Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) have the potential to provide solutions; however, the allocation of working capital financing for MSMEs remains low. This study analyzes the determinants of MSME working capital financing allocation by BUS, as well as the impact of Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 23/13/PBI/2021 on the Macroprudential Inclusive Financing Ratio (RPIM) and the COVID-19 pandemic, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method with quarterly data from Q1 2016 to Q4 2024. The results show that, in the short run, ROA, CPI, the RPIM policy, and the COVID-19 pandemic have significant effects, while in the long run, the BI rate, GDP, the RPIM policy, and the COVID-19 pandemic are significant. These findings underscore the need for policy strengthening and improved BUS efficiency to sustainably support MSME financing.