Evaluasi Produktivitas dan Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Pembiakan Sapi Lokal diKawasan Peternakan Rakyat Cikedung

Abstract

Kecamatan Cikedung dikenal sebagai daerah yang memiliki potensi besar untuk memajukan usaha peternakan sapi potong lokal. Hal ini memerlukan analisis yang komprehensif baik dari aspek teknis maupun non-teknis terkait produksi dan reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja produksi dan reproduksi serta merumuskan alternatif strategi pengembangan usaha pembiakan sapi pola pemeliharaan intensif dan semi intensif. Penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling untuk memilih responden yang ternaknya telah beranak minimal dua kali. Metode penelitian meliputi pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif melalui observasi, pengukuran performa produksi dan reproduksi, serta wawancara terhadap 38 responden peternak. Data karakteristik peternak dianlisis secara deskriptif dan parameter kinerja produksi yaitu morfometrik dan bobot badan dianalisis menggunakan uji-T. Parameter reproduksi meliputi jumlah populasi, dianalisis statistik deskriptif sedangkan koofesien reproduksi (Natural Increase, dan Output) dan peforma reproduksi (umur kawin pertama, umur melahirkan pertama, jarak beranak persentase kelahiran pedet dan body condition score) dianalisis deskriptif untuk menentukan nilai rata-rata dan standar deviasi dan Pola pengembangan kawasan dirumuskan analisis SOAR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola pemeliharaan intensif memiliki performa yang lebih baik dalam hal kondisi tubuh ternak, kapasitas regenerasi populasi, dan kualitas output produksi dibandingkan pola semi intensif meskipun pola semi intensif memiliki siklus reproduksi yang lebih cepat, kondisi fisiologis ternak yang kurang ideal perlu diperbaiki untuk mendukung keberlanjutan usaha peternakan. Penilaian faktor internal dan eksternal menghasilkan rekomendasi strategis yaitu pola intensif untuk pengembangan pusat pembiakan sapi berkualitas tinggi dengan dukungan teknologi modern, sedangkan pola semi intensif disarankan untuk pengembangan sentra produksi sapi potong berbasis kearifan lokal. Dengan mengoptimalkan kekuatan dan peluang masing-masing pola, serta mengimplementasikan strategi yang telah dirancang dalam matriks SOAR, diharapkan dapat tercapai peningkatan produktivitas, keberlanjutan usaha peternakan, dan kesejahteraan peternak secara keseluruhan. Pengembangan usaha pembiakan sapi lokal di Cikedung dapat ditingkatkan secara signifikan melalui penerapan strategi berbasis keunggulan lokal dan adaptasi manajemen pemeliharaan, khususnya dengan mendorong pola pemeliharaan intensif. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan lain memanfaatan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah dan instansi pendidikan serta ketersediaan limbah untuk sistem peternakan berkelanjutan dan peningkatan jaringan pemasaran dan teknologi kawin buatan (IB) guna meningkatkan pendapatan peternak.

Cikedung District is known as an area with significant potential for advancing beef cattle farming. This requires comprehensive analysis from both technical and non-technical aspects related to production and reproduction. This study aims to evaluate production and reproductive performance, and to formulate alternative development strategies for breeding enterprises under intensive and semi-intensive rearing systems. Conducted between February and March 2024, this research used purposive sampling to select respondents whose cattle had calved at least twice. The methodology employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches through observation, measurement of production and reproductive performance, and interviews with 38 cattle farmers. Farmer characteristics were analyzed descriptively. Production performance parameters, including morphometric traits and body weight, were analyzed using a t-test. Reproductive parameters such as population structure were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while reproductive coefficients (Natural Increase and Output) and reproductive performance (age at first mating, age at first calving, calving interval, calf birth percentage, and body condition score) were analyzed using reproductive coefficient calculations. Regional development patterns were formulated using SOAR analysis. The results indicate that the intensive rearing system demonstrates superior performance in terms of livestock body condition, population regeneration capacity, and output quality compared to the semi-intensive system. Although the semi-intensive system showed faster reproductive cycles, the less ideal physiological condition of the livestock needs improvement to support sustainable farming. The assessment of internal and external factors resulted in strategic recommendations: the intensive system is suited for the development of high-quality breeding centers supported by modern technologies, while the semi-intensive system is recommended for the development of beef cattle production centers based on local wisdom. By optimizing the strengths and opportunities of each system and implementing the strategies designed through the SOAR matrix, it is expected to enhance productivity, business sustainability, and overall farmer welfare. The development of local cattle breeding enterprises in Cikedung can be significantly improved through the application of strategies based on local advantages and adaptive management practices, particularly by promoting intensive rearing systems. This study also recommends further development through the utilization of government and educational institution support, as well as the availability of agricultural waste for sustainable livestock systems, along with the improvement of marketing networks and artificial insemination, technology to increase farmer income.