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      Potensi Minyak Hasil Ekstraksi Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis) Pada Berbagai Tingkat Kematangan Buah

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Sarumpaet, Daffa Febrio Lelo
      Rokhani
      Hasbullah, Rokhani
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      Abstract
      Industri kelapa sawit memiliki peran strategis dalam perekonomian Indonesia sebagai penghasil devisa utama dan penyedia lapangan kerja, dengan kontribusi sekitar 3% terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) nasional. Dalam upaya meningkatkan efisiensi produksi dan profitabilitas, parameter penting seperti Oil Extraction Rate (OER) dan Kernel Extraction Rate (KER) perlu dioptimalkan. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi parameter tersebut adalah tingkat kematangan Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) yang diolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh tingkat kematangan buah sawit terhadap nilai OER, KER, mutu minyak sawit, serta potensi minyak yang dapat diekstraksi. Sampel TBS diperoleh dari kebun PT. Bumitama Gunajaya Agro, Kalimantan Tengah, dan diklasifikasikan menjadi empat kategori kematangan: unripe, underripe, ripe, dan overripe. Setiap sampel ditimbang dan dianalisis menggunakan metode prediktif FossNIRS dan metode ekstraksi pelarut Soxhlet. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi kadar asam lemak bebas (FFA), kadar air, kadar kotoran, OER, dan KER. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematangan memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap Oil Extraction Rate (OER), kadar asam lemak bebas (FFA), dan kadar air, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar kotoran dan Kernel Extraction Rate (KER). Buah dengan tingkat kematangan ripe menghasilkan nilai OER tertinggi, yaitu 21,44%-22,77%, kadar FFA yang rendah (3,31%-3,32%), kadar air yang rendah (9,81%-10,00%), dan kadar kotoran yang relatif rendah (0,07%-0,12%). Buah overripe menunjukkan kadar FFA tertinggi (3,97%) dan indikasi penurunan mutu akibat degradasi buah. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kematangan buah ripe berperan penting dalam peningkatan efisiensi ekstraksi dan mutu hasil olahan.
       
      The palm oil industry plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy as a major source of foreign exchange and employment, contributing approximately 3% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). To improve production efficiency and profitability, key parameters such as Oil Extraction Rate (OER) and Kernel Extraction Rate (KER) must be optimized. One of the factors influencing these parameters is the ripeness level of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) being processed. This study aims to examine the effect of oil palm fruit maturity on OER, KER, oil quality, and the potential oil that can be extracted. FFB samples were collected from the plantation of PT. Bumitama Gunajaya Agro in Central Kalimantan and classified into four ripeness categories: unripe, underripe, ripe, and overripe. Each sample was weighed and analyzed using predictive FossNIRS and Soxhlet solvent extraction methods. The analyzed parameters included free fatty acid (FFA) content, moisture content, dirt content, OER, and KER. The results showed that ripeness level had a significant effect on OER, FFA content, and moisture content, but no significant effect on dirt content and KER. Ripe fruits produced the highest OER values (21.44%–22.77%), low FFA content (3.31%–3.32%), low moisture content (9.81%–10.00%), and relatively low dirt content (0.07%–0.12%). Overripe fruits showed the highest FFA content (3.97%) and signs of quality degradation due to fruit deterioration. This study concludes that ripe fruit maturity plays a crucial role in enhancing extraction efficiency and the overall quality of palm oil products.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169043
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      • UT - Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering [3589]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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