Daya Saing Ekspor Sarang Burung Walet Indonesia dan Malaysia di Tujuh Negara Tujuan Utama

Abstract

Sarang burung walet merupakan komoditas ekspor unggulan Indonesia dengan memproduksi sekitar 80% pasokan dunia pada 2021 dan menyumbang 59,5% nilai ekspor subsektor peternakan pada 2023. Meski nilai ekspor meningkat, harga produk Indonesia masih di bawah Malaysia yang unggul dalam kualitas dan hubungan diplomatik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing dan posisi daya saing ekspor sarang burung walet Indonesia dan Malaysia di tujuh negara tujuan utama selama periode 2014–2023. Metode yang digunakan mencakup Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sarang burung walet Indonesia berdaya saing kuat di tujuh negara tujuan, sedangkan Malaysia berdaya saing kuat di China, Hongkong, dan Vietnam, lalu berdaya saing lemah di Australia dan Taipei serta tidak berdaya saing di Singapura dan Amerika Serikat. Berdasarkan analisis DRCA, Indonesia sempat dominan dengan posisi Rising Star di sebagian besar pasar, namun mengalami penurunan bertahap, bergeser ke Lagging Retreat dan Lost Opportunity, sehingga hanya menyisakan pasar Vietnam yang dapat dipertahankan posisinya. Sedangkan Malaysia sebagian besar sempat menunjukkan posisi daya saing yang menurun, namun menunjukkan perbaikan dan stabilitas di China, Hongkong, dan Australia.

Swallow nests are one of Indonesia's leading export commodities, producing for around 80% of global supply in 2021 and contributing 59.5% of the value of exports in the livestock sub-sector in 2023. Although the value of Indonesian exports has increased, the price of Indonesian products remains below that of Malaysian products, which excel in quality and diplomatic relations. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the competitiveness and competitive position of Indonesian and Malaysian swallow’s nest exports in seven major destination countries from 2014 to 2023. The methods used include Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). The results show that Indonesian swallow’s nests have strong competitiveness in seven destination countries, while Malaysia has strong competitiveness in China, Hong Kong, and Vietnam, weak competitiveness in Australia and Taipei, and no competitiveness in Singapore and the United States. Based on the DRCA analysis, Indonesia was once dominant with a Rising Star position in most markets, but experienced a gradual decline, shifting to Lagging Retreat and Lost Opportunity, leaving only the Vietnam market where it was able to maintain its position. Meanwhile, Malaysia's competitiveness declined, but showed improvement and stability in China, Hongkong, and Australia.