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      Kajian Proses Produksi Bubuk Alpukat Mentega (Persea americana Mill.) menggunakan Teknologi Pengeringan Semprot (Spray drying)

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Sambogo, Rizki Bagus
      Rokhani
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      Abstract
      Alpukat mentega merupakan buah tropis bergizi tinggi namun mudah rusak sehingga memerlukan pengolahan pascapanen untuk memperpanjang umur simpan. Spray drying menjadi metode potensial untuk menghasilkan bubuk alpukat yang stabil dan bernilai tambah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh jenis bahan pengisi, konsentrasi bahan pengisi, dan suhu inlet spray dryer terhadap mutu fisikokimia bubuk alpukat. Bahan yang digunakan adalah alpukat mentega yang diperoleh dari kebun alpukat Kelompok Tani Sukahati, Kelurahan Sukahati, Kecamatan Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor dengan tingkat kematangan yang seragam berukuran rata-rata 500 g. Buah disortasi, dikupas dan dipisahkan daging untuk dibuat pure dengan penambahan air 1:1. Pure buah kemudian dikeringkan menggunakan spray drayer pada suhu 110°C, 120°C, dan 130°C dengan bahan pengisi maltodextrin dan gum arab pada konsentrasi 10% dan 20%. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan 2 faktor yaitu suhu inlet spray dryer dan konsentrasi bahan pengisi, sebagai kelompok adalah jenis bahan pengisi. Respon yang diamati meliputi rendemen, kadar air, perbedaan warna (?E), pH, dan total padatan terlarut (TPT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis bahan pengisi, konsentrasi, dan suhu inlet secara signifikan meningkatkan hasil terhadap rendemen, kadar air, warna, dan pH, tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap TPT. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada bahan pengisi maltodextrin 10% dengan suhu inlet 130°C menghasilkan rendemen tinggi (7,35%), kadar air (4,02%), pH (6,74), perbedaan warna (9,77), dan TPT (1,25°Brix).
       
      Butter avocado is a tropical fruit with high nutritional value but is highly perishable, thus requiring postharvest processing to extend its shelf life. Spray drying is a potential method to produce stable and value-added avocado powder. This study aimed to examine the effects of filler type, filler concentration, and spray dryer inlet temperature on the physicochemical quality of avocado powder. The raw material used was butter avocado obtained from Sukahati Farmers Group, Sukahati Village, Cibinong District, Bogor Regency, with uniform ripeness and an average weight of 500 g. The fruits were sorted, peeled, and the flesh was separated to produce puree with the addition of water at a 1:1 ratio. The puree was then dried using a spray dryer at inlet temperatures of 110°C, 120°C, and 130°C with maltodextrin and gum arabic as fillers at concentrations of 10% and 20%. The experimental design used was a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely inlet temperature and filler concentration, with filler type as the group factor. The parameters observed included yield, moisture content, color difference (?E), pH, and total soluble solids (TSS). The results showed that filler type, concentration, and inlet temperature significantly influenced yield, moisture content, color, and pH, but had no significant effect on TSS. The best treatment combination was obtained using 20% maltodextrin as the carrier material with an inlet temperature of 130°C, resulting in the highest yield (7,35%), lowest moisture content (4,02%), stable pH (6,74), lowest color difference (9,77), and TSS (1.25°Brix).
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/168818
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      • UT - Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering [3589]

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