Pengaruh Konflik Rusia-Ukraina dan Kebijakan Anti Deforestasi terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Sawit Indonesia
Abstract
Industri kelapa sawit memiliki peranan besar terhadap perekonomian Indonesia dan global. Guncangan yang disebabkan konflik Rusia-Ukraina dan Kebijakan Anti Deforestasi (EUDR) serta efek dominonya menyebabkan terganggunya profitabilitas perusahaan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh konflik Rusia-Ukraina, EUDR, harga CPO dunia, harga minyak mentah dunia, dan nilai tukar terhadap profitabilitas. Profitabilitas diproyeksikan dengan Return on Assets karena dinilai dapat menjadi tolok ukur kinerja perusahaan. Penelitian menggunakan 8 perusahaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan periode kuartal dari tahun 2020 hingga 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan harga CPO dunia, harga minyak mentah dunia dan nilai tukar berdampak positif. Namun, konflik Rusia-Ukraina dan EUDR secara signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas. Dampak negatif dari konflik Rusia-Ukraina berasal dari lonjakan harga energi dan pupuk global, sedangkan EUDR melalui proses investasi seperti sistem ketertelusuran dan audit untuk memenuhi sertifikasi keberlanjutan. The palm oil industry plays a significant role in both the Indonesian and global economy. Shocks caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) and its domino effects have disrupted the profitability of palm oil companies. This study aims to examine the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, EUDR, world CPO prices, crude oil prices, and exchange rates on profitability. Profitability is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) because it is considered to be a benchmark for company performance. The analysis is based on panel data regression involving eight palm oil companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, using quarterly data from 2020 to 2024. The results show that world CPO prices, crude oil prices, and exchange rates positively influence profitability. However, the Russia–Ukraine conflict and EUDR have a negative effect on profitability. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has caused an increase in energy prices, fertilizer prices, and economic instability, impacting operational costs. EUDR has caused an increase in costs for due diligence certification.
Collections
- UT - Agribusiness [4765]
