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      Kajian Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Produksi Pakan Komplit Fermentasi Berbasis Sorgum dan Indigofera (Sorinfer)

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Putra, Erlangga Satria Mulyadi
      Kumalasari, Nur Rochmah
      Abdullah, Luki
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      Abstract
      Kebutuhan produk ternak di Indonesia terus meningkat, namun industri peternakan nasional baru mampu memenuhi sekitar 45% dari total permintaan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh dominasi usaha kecil yang masih dikelola secara tradisional serta ketergantungan pada pakan alami yang bersifat musiman. Pakan menyumbang hingga 70% dari total biaya produksi, sehingga pakan yang bernutrisi tinggi dan berkelanjutan menjadi penting untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu inovasi pakan adalah Sorinfer, pakan komplit berbasis hijauan yang mengombinasikan sorgum sebagai sumber energi dan Indigofera sebagai sumber protein. Kandungan nutrisinya yang tinggi menjadikan Sorinfer berpotensi sebagai solusi alternatif, terutama untuk wilayah kering dan musim kemarau saat hijauan segar terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor utama yang mendorong perkembangan produksi, menganalisis benefit-cost ratio, serta mengkaji efektivitas dan efisiensi produksi pakan komplit fermentasi berbasis sorgum dan Indigofera. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode snowball sampling untuk mendapatkan data dari responden terkait efektivitas dan efisiensi proses produksi pakan komplit. Analisis data meliputi analisis deskriptif untuk menggambarkan seluruh proses budidaya hijauan pakan ternak (HPT) berkualitas tinggi hingga produksi pakan komplit secara detail, analisis benefit-cost ratio (BCR) untuk analisis kelayakan usaha, dan analisis data envelopment analysis (DEA) untuk mengalisis nilai efisiensi dalam setiap proses dan komponen menjadi produk pakan komplit Sorinfer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi pakan komplit Sorinfer dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan bahan baku hijauan, kualitas tenaga kerja, dan permintaan pasar. Pengelolaan waktu tanam, perencanaan dan rotasi panen, serta stabilisasi permintaan pasar perlu diperbaiki dalam pengembangan produksi. Usaha produksi pakan komplit Sorinfer layak secara ekonomi dengan BCR tahunan 1,14, walaupun ada beberapa perbaikan yang perlu dilakukan agar produksi efektif dan efisien. Hasil analisis nilai efektivitas masih rendah pada produksi HPT sorgum sebesar 64,25%, sedangkan nilai efektivitas pakan komplit Sorinfer sebesar 60,15%, sehingga masih memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dikembangkan secara masif dan terukur. Hasil analisis nilai efisiensi sorgum menunjukkan bulan Februari dan Maret memiliki nilai efisiensi konstan (S? = 1). Namun, perlu adanya perbaikan produksi HPT karena adanya slack dalam beberapa bulan tertentu, terutama pada tahap persiapan lahan, penanaman HPT, pemeliharaan HPT, dan pemanenan HPT dalam memaksimalkan produktivitas panen. Hasil analisis nilai efisiensi pada produksi pakan komplit Sorinfer menunjukkan proses produsi sudah efisien (S? = 1) dan slack hanya menunjukkan perbaikan penggunaan pekerja supaya tidak berlebih.
       
      The demand for livestock products in Indonesia continues to increase, while the national livestock industry is currently able to meet only around 45% of the total demand. This condition is primarily due to the dominance of small-scale farms that are still managed traditionally, as well as a heavy reliance on natural forages that are seasonal in nature. Feed accounts for up to 70% of total production costs, making the development of highly nutritious and sustainable feed essential. One feed innovation is Sorinfer, a complete feed based on forages that combines sorghum as an energy source and Indigofera as a protein source. Its high nutritional content makes Sorinfer a promising alternative solution, especially in dry regions and during the dry season when fresh forage is limited. This study aims to analyze the main factors driving production development, assess the benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of producing fermented complete feed based on sorghum and Indigofera. The snowball sampling method was used to collect data from respondents regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of the complete feed production process. Data analysis includes descriptive analysis to illustrate the entire process in detail, from the cultivation of high-quality forage crops (HQFC) to the production of complete feed; BCR analysis to assess business feasibility; and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate efficiency at each stage and component involved in the production of Sorinfer complete feed. The result indicates that the production of Sorinfer complete feed is influenced by the availability of forage raw materials, labor quality, and market demand. Improvements in planting schedules, harvest planning and rotation, as well as market demand stabilization, are necessary for further production development. The Sorinfer complete feed production is economically feasible, with an annual benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.14, although several improvements are needed to enhance both effectiveness and efficiency. The effectiveness analysis showed relatively low values, with 64.25% for sorghum forage production and 60.15% for Sorinfer complete feed, indicating significant potential for scalable and measurable development. Efficiency analysis of sorghum production revealed that February and March achieved constant returns to scale (S? = 1). However, improvements are still required due to slack observed in several months, particularly in land preparation, forage planting, maintenance, and harvesting stages, to maximize harvest productivity. Meanwhile, the efficiency analysis of Sorinfer complete feed production indicated that the process is already efficient (S? = 1), with slack only suggesting the need to optimize labor use to avoid overstaffing.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/164263
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      • MT - Animal Science [1293]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository