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      Kecernaan, Metabolit Darah, Populasi Bakteri Feses, dan Performa Sapi Madura yang Diinokulasi Konsorsium Bakteri Selulolitik

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Firkani, Rahmatiana Widi
      Suharti, Sri
      Astuti, Dewi Apri
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      Abstract
      Peternakan di Indonesia sangat bergantung pada ketersediaan pakan hijauan dan limbah pertanian. Namun, pada musim kemarau, ketersediaan pakan menjadi terbatas akibat produksi yang rendah dan penurunan kualitas nutrien. Hal ini berdampak pada rendahnya produktivitas ternak ruminansia, termasuk sapi Madura, yang umumnya diberi pakan hijauan berkualitas rendah seperti rumput Gajah dan jerami padi. Pakan dengan kualitas rendah memiliki tingkat kecernaan yang rendah, sehingga pertambahan bobot badan ternak juga menjadi lambat. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kecernaan pakan hijauan adalah dengan menambahkan bakteri pendegadasi serat, terutama bakteri selulolitik. Rumen sapi Madura sebenarnya memiliki populasi mikroba yang tinggi, tetapi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi bakteri selulolitik dapat meningkatkan kecernaan dan performa ternak. Bakteri ini menghasilkan enzim selulase yang mampu memecah serat pakan, sehingga pakan sumber serat yang sebelumnya sulit dicerna menjadi lebih mudah dimanfaatkan oleh ternak. Degradasi dan fermentasi dalam rumen dapat dipercepat dengan inokulasi bakteri selulolitik. Isolat bakteri selulolitik yang sudah diisolasi dari hewan herbivora endemik Indonesia seperti kijang, banteng, anoa, dan rusa yang teridentifikasi secara molekuler mempunyai kemiripan dengan Enterococcus faecium memiliki sifat selulolitik yang berpotensi dalam membantu degadasi serat pakan. Sebanyak 15 ekor sapi Madura didistribusikan sesuai dengan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) kedalam 3 perlakuan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu P1: ransum kontrol, P2: P1 + 5 mL 106 CFU/mL konsorsium bakteri selulolitik, dan P3: P1 + 10 mL 106 CFU/mL konsorsium bakteri selulolitik. Peubah yang diamati terdiri dari kecernaan serat kasar, metabolit darah, populasi bakteri feses, dan performa sapi Madura. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis sidik ragam (analysis of variance/ ANOVA) dan jika berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peubah yang diamati dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi konsorsium bakteri selulolitik hingga 106 CFU/mL tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecernaan serat kasar, metabolit darah, populasi bakteri feses dan performa selama 21 hari perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa inokulasi konsorsium bakteri selulolitik tidak meningkatkan performa dan kecernaan dalam jangka waktu yang singkat dan tidak mengganggu metabolit darah, namun dapat meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan hampir 50%.
       
      Livestock farming in Indonesia is highly dependent on the availability of forage and agricultural waste. However, during the dry season, feed availability becomes limited due to low production and decreased nutritional quality. This results in low productivity of ruminants, including madura cattle, which are generally fed low-quality forages such as Elephant grass and rice straw. Low-quality feed has a low digestibility rate, resulting in slow body weight gain. One way to increase the digestibility of forage feed is by adding fiber-degrading bacteria, especially cellulolytic bacteria. The rumen of Madura cattle has a high microbial population, but research shows that supplementation of cellulolytic bacteria can improve digestibility and cattle performance. These bacteria produce cellulase enzymes that can break down feed fiber so that forage that was previously difficult to digest becomes more easily utilized by livestock. Degradation and fermentation in the rumen can be accelerated by inoculation of cellulolytic bacteria. Cellulolytic bacteria that isilated from endemic Indonesian herbivores such as anoa, bison, muntjak, and timur deer have similarity with Enterococcus faecium has cellulolytic properties that have the potential to assist in the degradation of feed fiber. A total of 15 Madura bulls were distributed according to a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments given were P1: control ration, P2: P1 + 5 mL 106 CFU/mL cellulolytic bacteria consortium, and P3: P1 + 10 mL 106 CFU/mL cellulolytic bacterial consortium. The observed variables consisted of crude fiber digestibility, blood metabolites, fecal bacteria population, and madura cattle performance. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and if there was a significant effect on the observed variables, followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that inoculation of cellulolytic bacterial consortium up to 106 CFU/mL had no significant effect on crude fiber digestibility, blood metabolites, fecal bacterial population, and performance during 30 days of treatment. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that inoculation of cellulolytic bacterial consortium does not improve performance and digestibility in a short period of time and does not interfere with blood metabolites, but can increase the daily weight gain of the mix by 50%.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/162643
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      • MT - Animal Science [1293]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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