Fermentabilitas, Kecernaan dan Emisi Metana dari Ransum yang Mengandung Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis)

Abstract

Mastitis subklinis menjadi penyebab penurunan produksi dan kualitas susu dalam negeri. Daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) mengandung metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri penyebab mastitis subklinis dan mengurangi emisi metana, sehingga dapat menjadi kandidat natural feed additive. Untuk itu keamanan penggunaannya terhadap mikroba di dalam rumen perlu pengujian. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari keamanan penggunaan ekstrak daun binahong dalam rumen in vitro melalui analisis pertumbuhan mikroorganisme rumen, fermentabilitas, kecernaan, dan emisi metana yang dihasilkan. Rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) digunakan dengan empat perlakuan ransum dan tiga kelompok cairan rumen. Perlakuan ransum adalah: P0: 60% rumput gajah + 40% konsentrat (kontrol); P1: P0 + 5% ekstrak daun binahong (EB); P2: P0 + 10% EB; dan P3: P0 + 15% EB. Parameter yang diamati adalah populasi bakteri total dan protozoa, pH, NH3, volatile fatty acid (VFA) total dan parsial (asam asetat dan propionat), sintesis protein mikroba, koefisien cerna bahan kering (KcBK) dan bahan organik (KcBO), produksi total gas serta emisi gas metana. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dilanjutkan dengan uji polinomial orthogonal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun binahong tidak memengaruhi semua parameter, kecuali koefisien cerna bahan organik ransum (P<0,05). Peningkatan level ekstrak daun binahong hingga 10% menurunkan koefisien cerna bahan organik ransum dalam batas normal proses fermentasi, serta belum mampu menurunkan emisi metana di dalam rumen secara in vitro. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun binahong hingga level 10% masih aman digunakan dalam ransum ternak perah laktasi tanpa mengganggu pertumbuhan mikroba, fermentabilitas dan kecernaan, namun belum mampu memitigasi emisi metana di dalam rumen secara in vitro.

Subclinical mastitis is a leading cause of reduced milk production and quality in the country. Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Stennis) contain secondary metabolites with antibacterial potential against the bacteria that cause subclinical mastitis and can reduce methane emissions, making them a candidate for natural feed additives. Therefore, its safety for rumen microbes needs to be tested. The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety of using binahong leaf extract in the rumen in vitro by analyzing rumen microorganism growth, fermentability, digestibility, and the resulting methane emissions. A randomized block design (RBD) was used with four ration treatments and three rumen fluid groups. The ration treatments were: P0: 60% elephant grass + 40% concentrate (control); P1: P0 + 5% binahong leaf extract (EB); P2: P0 + 10% EB; and P3: P0 + 15% EB. The parameters observed were total bacterial and protozoa population, pH, NH3, total and partial VFA (acetic and propionic acids), microbial protein synthesis, dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD), total gas production, and methane gas emissions. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by orthogonal polynomial tests. The results showed that the addition of binahong leaf extract did not affect all parameters, except for the organic matter digestibility coefficient of the ration and partial VFA (acetic and propionic acids) (P<0.05). The increase in binahong leaf extract levels up to 10% reduced the organic matter digestibility coefficient of the ration and the acetic acid concentration within the normal range of the fermentation process, while also increasing methane gas emissions in the rumen in vitro. The conclusion from this study is that binahong leaf extract up to the 10% level is still safe to use in lactating dairy cow feed without disrupting microbial growth, fermentability, and digestibility, but has not been able to mitigate methane emissions in the rumen in vitro.