Performa, Metabolit Darah, dan Keberhasilan Reproduksi Domba Multipara yang Diberi Manajemen Program Flushing Berbeda

Abstract

Sifat prolifik yaitu kemampuan beranak lebih dari satu pada induk domba masih sering tidak terekpresikan. Salah satu metode untuk memperbaiki status nutrisi yaitu dengan metode program flushing. Program flushing ialah upaya untuk memperbaiki kondisi tubuh ternak dengan memberikan ransum yang berkualitas tinggi, sehingga ternak siap untuk melakukan proses reproduksi. Pemberian ransum flushing telah banyak dilakukan dan memberikan dampak positif bagi performa reproduksi tetapi mengenai manajemen program flushing masih memiliki informasi yang terbatas terhadap performa reproduksi. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa manajemen program flushing akan memengaruhi performa, metabolit darah, dan keberhasilan reproduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi manajemen program flushing terhadap performa, metabolit darah dan keberhasilan reproduksi pada induk domba multipara. Penelitian ini menggunakan enam belas ekor induk domba multipara betina (umur 16-20 bulan) dengan rata-rata bobot badan 29,77 ± 5,87 kg. Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) digunakan pada percobaan dengan empat perlakuan dan empat kelompok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas P1 = tanpa program flushing, P2 = program flushing sebelum dan setelah kawin, P3 = program flushing sebelum dan setelah kawin serta di tengah kebuntingan, P4 = program flushing sebelum dan setelah kawin, di tengah serta di akhir kebuntingan. Data dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), uji lanjut Duncan menggunakan SPSS 25. Peubah yang diamati meliputi konsumsi nutrien per bobot badan metabolit, bobot badan, metabolit darah, persentase kebuntingan, lama kebuntingan, jumlah embrio, diameter embrio, diameter amnion, jumlah anak (litter size), daya hidup embrio, bobot lahir anak per bobot induk, bobot induk per litter size, dan income over feed cost (IOFC). Manajemen program flushing memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap konsumsi lemak kasar, total digestible nutrient (TDN), glukosa darah saat awal bunting, kolesterol saat mating dan awal bunting, persentase kebuntingan, diameter amnion, dan bobot induk per litter size (P<0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan P3 dan P4 mampu meningkatkan konsumsi nutrien, dan bobot badan serta meningkatkan metabolit darah diawal kebuntingan. Pemberian program flushing memperbaiki persentase kebuntingan, diameter amnion dan nilai bobot induk per litter size. IOFC terbaik terjadi pada perlakuan dua kali program flushing.

Prolific traits, namely the ability to give birth to more than one lamb in ewe, were still often not expressed. One of the methods to improve nutritional status was the flushing program method. Flushing program was an effort to improve livestock body condition by providing high-quality feed rations, so the livestock were ready for the reproductive process. The provision of flushing feed had been widely practiced and had a positive impact on reproductive performance, but information on flushing program management was still limited regarding reproductive performance. This indicated that flushing program management would affect performance, blood metabolites, and reproductive success rates. This research aimed to evaluate flushing program management on performance, blood metabolites, and reproductive success rates in multiparous ewes. This study used sixteen multiparous ewes (aged 16-20 months) with an average body weight of 29.77 ± 5.87 kg. A Randomized Block Design (RBD) was used in the experiment with four treatments and four groups as replicates. The treatments consisted of P1 = no flushing program, P2 = flushing program before and after mating, P3 = flushing program before and after mating and in the middle of pregnancy, P4 = flushing program before and after mating, in the middle, and at the end of pregnancy. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test using SPSS 25. The variables observed included nutrient intake per metabolic body weight, body weight, blood metabolites, pregnancy percentage, pregnancy duration, number of embryos, embryo diameter, amnion diameter, litter size, embryo survival, birth weight per ewe body weight, ewe body weight per litter size, and income over feed cost (IOFC). The management of flushing program had a significant effect on crude fat consumption, total digestible nutrient (TDN), blood glucose at the early stage of pregnancy, cholesterol during mating and early pregnancy, pregnancy percentage, amnion diameter, and ewe body weight per litter size (P<0.05). This study concluded that P3 and P4 were able to increase nutrient intake, body weight, and blood metabolites at the early stage of pregnancy. The provision of a flushing program improved the pregnancy percentage, amnion diameter, and ewe body weight per litter size. The best IOFC occurred in the treatment with two flushing programs.