Audit Energi Pada Sub-Unit Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Cikabayan IPB University, Bogor

Abstract

IPB sebagai kampus yang mendukung program green energy perlu memperhatikan sistem pengelolaan sampah yang dihasilkan dalam lingkungan kampus IPB Darmaga agar efektif dan effisien dan melihat potensinya untuk dikonversi sebagai sumber energi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan audit energi untuk mengetahui konsumsi energi tiap sub-unit pengelolaan sampah dan melakukan analisis potensi sampah tersebut sebagai sumber energi bagi operasional TPA sampah dalam kampus IPB Darmaga di Cikabayan. Audit dilakukan dua tahap, yaitu audit energi awal dan audit energi rinci. Audit dilakukan terhadap sub-unit rumah kompos, eco-incinerator, serta kantor pengelola. Hasil audit selama periode 6-16 Juni 2023 dan 7-25 Oktober 2023, menunjukkan jumlah sampah yang diterima TPA Cikabayan rata-rata per hari adalah 4 m3 sampah organik dan 401,92 kg sampah anorganik. Untuk mengolah sampah tersebut dibutuhkan energi dari bahan bakar solar (untuk pengolahan sampah organik menjadi kompos) sebesar 938 MJ atau 63% dari total kebutuhan energi, energi listrik (untuk seluruh kegiatan) sebesar 450 MJ atau 30% dari total kebutuhan energi, dan energi manusia sebesar 112,3 MJ (7%). Pengolahan sampah organik menjadi kompos membutuhkan energi sebesar 0,172 MJ/kg sampah organik per hari, sedangkan pengolahan sampah anorganik pada unit eco-incinerator membutuhkan energi sebesar 0,236 MJ/kg sampah anorganik. Pengolahan sampah anorganik dengan rata-rata 208,9 kg/hari berpotensi menghasilkan energi listrik 246,72 kWh/hari melalui penerapan teknologi insenerasi. Energi tersebut mampu memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik di TPA Cikabayan (63,42 kWh/hari). Efisiensi penggunaan energi dapat dilakukan dengan mengatur penggunaan kipas angin hanya pada siang hari pukul 12.00-15.00 sehingga menghemat energi listrik sebesar 42,86%.

IPB as a campus that supports green energy programs, needs to pay attention to the waste management system within the IPB Darmaga campus to ensure it is effective and efficient and to explore its potential to be converted into an energy source. This research aims to conduct an energy audit to determine the energy consumption of each sub-unit involved in waste management and to analyze the potential of this waste as an energy source for the operations of the IPB Darmaga waste utilization in Cikabayan. The audit was conducted in two stages, they were preliminary energy audit and detailed energy audit. The audit was carried out on the compost house sub-unit, eco-incinerator, and the office. The results of the audit which was conducted from June 6-16, 2023, and October 7-25, 2023, shows that the average daily waste received by the Cikabayan sub-unit IPB University was 4 m³ of organic waste and 401,92 kg of inorganic waste. Energy required to process the waste, was fulfilled by diesel oil (for processing organic waste into compost) 938 MJ or 63% of the total energy required, electricity (for all activities) 450 MJ or 30% of the total energy required, and human energy 112,3 MJ (7%). Processing organic waste into compost requires 0,172 MJ/kg of organic waste per day. In comparison, the processing of inorganic waste in the eco incinerator unit requires 0,236 MJ/kg of inorganic waste. Utilization of inorganic waste at an average of 208.9 kg/day is potential to generate 246,72 kWh/day of electricity through incineration technology. This energy can meet the daily electrical energy needs at the Cikabayan (63,42 kWh/day). Energy efficiency can be achieved by limiting the fans usages during the day only from 12:00 a.m to 3:00p.m, thereby will be saving about 42,86% of usually electricity requirement.