| dc.description.abstract | Limbah minyak bumi menjadi permasalahan yang serius seiring dengan berkembangnya industri minyak dan gas di Indonesia. Salah satu kejadian pencemaran lingkungan adalah tumpahan minyak (oil spill). Tumpahan minyak dapat terjadi karena aktivitas eksplorasi, produksi, dan transportasi minyak di lokasi perairan. Salah satu produk yang dapat digunakan untuk menangani limbah tumpahan minyak bumi adalah Oil Spill Dispersant (OSD). Bio-OSD merupakan produk berbasis surfaktan dari minyak kelapa sawit menjadi alternatif OSD yang relatif ramah lingkungan. Berdasarkan Pedoman Tata Kerja SKK Migas PTK- 005/SKKO0000/2018/S0 tentang Pengelolaan Kesehatan Keselamatan Kerja dan Lindungan Lingkungan di Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi yang mengharuskan kesiapsiagaan OSD di wilayah onshore dan offshore untuk menangani limbah tumpahan minyak bumi, sehingga produk OSD sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh rancangan pendirian pabrik produk Bio-OSD secara khusus pada aspek teknis dan teknologi, lokasi, manajemen operasional, serta finansial.
Perancangan pabrik Bio-OSD dilakukan secara komprehensif dengan mempertimbangkan empat aspek utama yaitu aspek teknis dan teknologi, lokasi, manajemen operasional, serta finansial. Aspek teknis dan teknologi menentukan pemilihan teknologi produksi yang tepat, desain tata letak pabrik yang efisien, serta perhitungan kebutuhan mesin dan peralatan. Aspek ini berdampak langsung pada biaya investasi dan produksi pabrik yang mempengaruhi kelayakan finansial. Aspek lokasi mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor dalam memilih lokasi pendirian industri. Lokasi yang dipilih harus selaras dengan persyaratan teknis dan teknologi serta mendukung kelayakan finansial proyek. Aspek manajemen operasional menentukan struktur organisasi dan jumlah karyawan yang berdampak pada biaya operasional pabrik. Aspek finansial dipengaruhi oleh ketiga aspek tersebut.
Penelitian ini mengumpulkan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer meliputi informasi yang langsung terkait dengan penelitian, seperti lokasi, proses produksi, komponen penerimaan, serta biaya-biaya investasi, tetap, dan variabel. Data sekunder diperoleh dari studi literatur, jurnal, artikel, buku, dan data perusahaan terkait. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, diskusi dengan narasumber di perusahaan perminyakan, pengisian kuesioner, serta observasi lapangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan software microsoft excel, super decision, visual paradigm, dan lucid chart, mencakup data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan mencakup block flow diagram (BFD) dan process flow diagram (PFD) untuk desain proses produksi, systematic layout planning (SLP) untuk desain tata letak pabrik, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) untuk menentukan lokasi pabrik, dan metode deskriptif untuk aspek manajemen operasional yang meliputi struktur organisasi, deskripsi jabatan, dan kebutuhan tenaga kerja, serta metode analisis kelayakan bisnis seperti net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), net benefit cost ratio (Net B/C), dan payback period (PBP).
Aspek teknis dan teknologi diperoleh rancangan produksi produk Bio-OSD dengan kapasitas berbasis produk 3.000 kL/tahun. Hasil perhitungan neraca massa proses produksi produk Bio-OSD diperoleh data 12.500 liter/hari dengan asumsi rendemen sebesar 100%, sedangkan hasil perhitungan penggunaan energi yang diperlukan selama proses produksi sebesar 15,31 Kwh per hari. Peralatan industri yang diperlukan yaitu timbangan, pompa, hand pallet, hand trolley, dan container, sedangkan mesin industri yang diperlukan yaitu water tank, mixing tank, electric heating mixing tank, product tank, dan mesin filling. Perancangan tata letak diperoleh 13 area kerja pabrik dengan luas bangunan sebesar 1.279 m2 dan luas tanah sebesar 2.558 m2. Aspek lokasi diperoleh lokasi terpilih yaitu Kabupaten Gresik dengan skor AHP sebesar 0,455 (45,6%) berdasarkan pendapat para pakar dan data pendukung pendirian pabrik Bio-OSD. Aspek manajemen operasional diperoleh struktur organisasi pabrik Bio-OSD dengan jumlah sumber daya manusia sebanyak 30 orang yang terdiri dari 1 orang Direktur, 8 orang manajer, dan 14 orang staff manajerial, serta 7 orang staff non-manajerial sebanyak 7 orang. Aspek finansial diperoleh pabrik Bio-OSD layak untuk dijalankan. Hasil Analisis sensitivitas terhadap ketiga parameter yaitu peningkatan seluruh kompenen biaya sebesar 30%, penurunan volume produk terjual sebesar 25% per tahun dari target penjualan dan kombinasi antara kedua parameter tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa proyek masih layak bahkan di bawah skenario yang paling ekstrem. | |
| dc.description.abstract | Petroleum waste has become a serious issue as the oil and gas industry in Indonesia continues to develop. One significant environmental contamination event is oil spills, which can occur due to exploration, production, and transportation activities in aquatic environments. One of the products used to address oil spill waste is Oil Spill Dispersant (OSD). Bio-OSD, a surfactant-based product derived from palm oil, presents a relatively environmentally friendly alternative to traditional OSDs. According to SKK Migas Work Guidelines PTK- 005/SKKO0000/2018/S0 on Occupational Health, Safety, and Environmental Protection in Upstream Oil and Gas Activities, OSD readiness is required in both onshore and offshore areas to manage oil spill waste, making OSD products highly necessary. This study aims to develop a design for a Bio-OSD production plant, specifically focusing on technical and technological aspects, location, operational management, and financial feasibility.
The design of the Bio-OSD plant is carried out comprehensively by considering four main aspects: technical and technological aspects, location, operational management, and financial feasibility. The technical and technological aspects determine the appropriate production technology, efficient plant layout design, and calculation of machinery and equipment requirements. These factors directly impact the investment and production costs of the plant, which in turn affect the financial feasibility. The location aspect considers factors for selecting the industrial site. The chosen location must align with the technical and technological requirements and support the project's financial viability. Operational management aspects define the organizational structure and staffing levels, which influence the plant's operational costs. Financial feasibility is influenced by these three aspects.
This research collected primary and secondary data. Primary data includes information directly related to the research, such as location, production processes, revenue components, and investment, fixed, and variable costs. Secondary data were obtained from literature studies, journals, articles, books, and related company data. Data collection was conducted through interviews, discussions with oil company informants, questionnaire distribution, and field observations. The collected data were analyzed using software such as Microsoft Excel, Super Decision, Visual Paradigm, and Lucidchart, covering both quantitative and qualitative data. The methods used include block flow diagrams (BFD) and process flow diagrams (PFD) for production process design, systematic layout planning (SLP) for plant layout design, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for plant location selection, descriptive methods for operational management aspects including organizational structure, job descriptions, and workforce requirements, and business feasibility analysis methods such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), net benefit cost ratio (Net B/C), and payback period (PBP).
The technical and technological aspects resulted in the design of a Bio-OSD production facility with a product-based capacity of 3,000 kL/year. The mass balance calculation for the Bio-OSD production process yielded data of 12,500 liters/day, assuming a 100% yield, while the energy consumption required during.
The production process was calculated at 15.31 kWh per day. The necessary industrial equipment includes scales, pumps, hand pallets, hand trolleys, and containers, while the required industrial machinery consists of water tanks, mixing tanks, electric heating mixing tanks, product tanks, and filling machines. The layout design identified 13 plant work areas with a building area of 1,279 m2 and a land area of 2,558 m2. The location aspect identified Gresik Regency as the chosen location, with an AHP score of 0.455 (45.6%) based on expert opinions and supporting data for the establishment of the Bio-OSD plant. The operational management aspect produced a Bio-OSD plant organizational structure with a total workforce of 30 individuals, including 1 Director, 8 managers, 14 managerial staff, and 7 non-managerial staff. The financial aspect concluded that the Bio-OSD plant is feasible. Sensitivity analysis results for three parameters—an overall cost increase of 30%, a 25% annual decrease in the volume of products sold from the sales target, and a combination of these two parameters—suggest that the project remains viable even under the most extreme scenarios. | |
