Determinan Financial Distress pada Bank Perekonomian Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) di Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Fenomena financial distress sering terjadi dalam berbagai sektor di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah perbankan, termasuk Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang memiliki jumlah BPRS terbanyak. Meskipun perkembangan BPRS di Jawa Tengah positif, profitabilitas menunjukkan tren penurunan yang dapat mengindikasikan kesulitan keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis financial distress pada BPRS di Jawa Tengah menggunakan model Zmijewski dengan menggunakan kinerja keuangan dan indikator makroekonomi. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder dari 20 BPRS di Jawa Tengah dianalisis melalui metode deskriptif dan regresi data panel dengan bantuan Microsoft Excel 2021 dan EViews 12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio kecukupan modal, profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan risiko pembiayaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap financial distress. Inflasi memiliki hubungan positif signifikan terhadap financial distress. Sementara itu, rasio efisiensi dan pertumbuhan PDB tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress.

The phenomenon of financial distress often occurs in various sectors in Indonesia, one of which is the banking, including Central Java Province, which has the highest number of BPRS (Sharia Rural Banks). Although the development of BPRS in Central Java is positive, its profitability shows a downward trend that may indicate financial difficulties. This study aims to analyze financial distress in BPRS in Central Java using the Zmijewski model by examining financial performance and macroeconomic indicators. The research uses secondary data from 20 BPRS in Central Java, analyzed through descriptive methods and panel data regression with the help of Microsoft Excel 2021 and EViews 12. The results showed that capital adequacy ratio, profitability, liquidity, and financing risk have a significant negative effect on financial distress. Inflation has a significant positive relationship with financial distress. Meanwhile, efficiency ratio and GDP growth do not show a significant effect on financial distress.