Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Mastitis Subklinis

Abstract

Mastitis subklinis merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas ternak perah. Penggunaan antibiotik dalam proses pengobatan menimbulkan berbagai efek samping. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) merupakan tanaman herbal potensial yang memiliki senyawa antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi daun binahong sebagai penghambat pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab mastitis subklinis. Penelitian ini menggunakan daun binahong yang telah diekstrak melalui metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 95%. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah 3 level konsentrasi ekstrak daun binahong yaitu 5%, 15%, dan 30%, terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, dan Streptococcus agalactiae dengan 2 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi rendemen, komposisi fitokimia, dan zona hambat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen ekstrak daun binahong yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 5,43%. Komposisi fitokimia ekstrak daun binahong berupa steroid, flavonoid, fenol hidrokuinon, triterpenoid, tanin, dan saponin. Zona hambat ekstrak daun binahong 30% tergolong antibakteri sedang terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun binahong 30% memiliki potensi terkuat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab mastitis subklinis.

Subclinical mastitis is one of the diseases that cause a decrease in productivity of dairy cattle. The use of antibiotics in the treatment process causes various side effects. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) is a potential herbal plant that contains antibacterial compounds. This study aims to determine the potential of binahong leaves in inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause subclinical mastitis. The study used binahong leaves extracted through the maceration method with 95% ethanol as the solvent. The treatments tested were three concentration levels of binahong leaf extract, namely 5%, 15%, and 30%, against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae, with two replications. The variables observed included yield, phytochemical composition, and inhibition zones. The results showed that the yield of the binahong leaf extract was 5.43%. The phytochemical composition of the binahong leaf extract included steroids, flavonoids, hydroquinone phenols, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The zone of inhibition of 30% binahong leaf extract is classified as moderately antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It can be concluded that the 30% binahong leaf extract has the strongest potential in inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause subclinical mastitis.