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dc.contributor.advisorDarmawati, Emmy
dc.contributor.advisorWulandani, Dyah
dc.contributor.authorUlya, Kamila Nikmatul
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-26T03:09:25Z
dc.date.available2024-07-26T03:09:25Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/154849
dc.description.abstractBunga telang merupakan bunga asli dari Ternate, Indonesia yang memiliki kandungan antioksidan dan warna yang menarik sehingga banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai edible flowers atau bunga yang dikonsumsi. Selain dikonsumsi secara segar, bunga telang biasanya dijadikan sebagai dekorasi kue, pudding, dan salad. Bunga telang merupakan produk perishable sehingga mudah rusak. Faktor utama kerusakan bunga telang yaitu perubahan suhu selama penyimpanan. Suhu yang tinggi selama transportasi menyebabkan proses metabolisme bunga telang meningkat. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi mutu bunga seperti perubahan warna, layu, dan busuk. Teknologi pengemasan distribusi dan penyimpanan suhu rendah sudah banyak dikembangkan untuk buah dan sayur, tetapi belum banyak dilakukan untuk florikultura seperti edible flowers. Styrofoam dan insulated box merupakan bahan kemasan distribusi yang sering digunakan untuk mempertahankan suhu produk selama transportasi. Meskipun sudah banyak digunakan sebagai kemasan distribusi, tetapi belum banyak penelitian yang membuktikan pengaruhnya dalam mempertahankan mutu edible flowers. Penambahan ice gel ke dalam kemasan distribusi sebagai media pendingin dapat menjaga suhu edible flowers sehingga dapat menurunkan tingkat kerusakan fisiologis produk sehingga mutu edible flowers dapat terjaga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan posisi ice gel sebagai media pendingin di dalam kemasan distribusi dan mengkaji pengaruh jenis kemasan distribusi berupa styrofoam box dan insulated box terhadap mutu bunga telang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknik Pengolahan Pangan Hasil Pertanian (TPPHP) Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian terdiri dari pra penelitian pendahulan yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus tahun 2023, sedangkan penelitian utama dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga November tahun 2023. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan untuk menentukan posisi ice gel terbaik. Penelitian pendahuluan terdiri dari 6 tahap yaitu menentukan waktu kritis bunga tanpa perlakuan, menentukan karakteristik ice gel, menentukan kebutuhan ice gel, menentukan dimensi kemasan distribusi, menentukan posisi ice gel dalam kemasan distribusi, dan mengukur sebaran suhu tanpa beban. Penelitian utama dilakukan untuk mengamati parameter mutu bunga telang pada penyimpanan suhu 10 oC. Parameter mutu yang diamati yaitu susut bobot, kadar air, warna, uji TPC, dan uji organoleptik (kesegaran, warna, dan aroma) yang dilakukan pasca simulasi transportasi yaitu selama penyimpanan 7 hari. Suhu bunga telang juga diukur selama simulasi 2 jam dan selama penyimpanan. Bunga telang yang sudah dipanen diletakkan di dalam thinwall dengan dimensi sebesar 17,5×12×4 cm lalu disimpan dalam refrigerator pada suhu 10 oC selama 3 jam. Setelah itu, bunga telang dimasukkan ke dalam kemasan distribusi yang telah diberi ice gel lalu dilakukan simulasi transportasi. Simulasi transportasi dilakukan selama 2 jam dengan nilai amplitudo rata-rata sebesar 3,006 cm dan nilai frekuensi rata-rata sebesar 4,26 Hz yang setara dengan jarak tempuh sebesar 103,9 km di jalan luar kota dengan kecepatan 60 km/jam. Setelah simulasi, bunga telang diamati parameter mutunya sebagai hari ke-0, kemudian thinwall berisi bunga telang disimpan di dalam lemari pendingin dengan suhu sebesar 10 oC, lalu diamati parameter mutunya selama 7 hari. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu bunga telang memiliki waktu kritis selama 18 jam yang artinya bunga telang tanpa perlakuan dapat mempertahankan kesegarannya selama 18 jam di suhu ruang. Ice gel yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah ice gel bening dengan dimensi repack sebesar 8×12×0,5 cm dengan suhu beku sebesar -9,4 °C dan suhu leleh -0,2 °C. Kebutuhan ice gel diperoleh dari besarnya beban panas yang dilepas dibagi dengan besarnya panas yang diserap ice gel. Beban panas yang dilepas yaitu beban panas dari kemasan, beban panas dari bunga telang, dan beban panas dari respirasi bunga telang. Ice gel yang digunakan sebanyak 6 buah dirancang untuk mendinginkan bunga telang sebanyak 100 kuntum dengan berat total ± 36 gram tiap kemasan distribusi selama 2 jam. Total beban panas yang dilepas styrofoam box sebesar 2,659 W, total beban panas yang dilepas insulated box sebesar 2,856 W, beban panas yang dilepas bunga telang sebesar 0,0112 W, beban panas yang dilepas dari respirasi bunga telang sebesar 0,00045 W, dan total beban yang diserap ice gel sebesar 57,113 W. Total kebutuhan ice gel pada kemasan styrofoam box yaitu sebanyak 47 gram dengan tiap ice gel repack seberat 7,7 gram, sedangkan kebutuhan ice gel pada kemasan insulated box yaitu sebanyak 50 gram dengan tiap ice gel repack seberat 8,3 gram. Penentuan dimensi kemasan distribusi didasarkan pada dimensi thinwall dan dimensi ice gel. Kemasan distribusi styrofoam box memiliki dimensi sebesar 27×20,5×10,5 cm, sedangkan insulated box memiliki dimensi sebesar 26,2×19,7×9,7 cm. Penentuan posisi ice gel terbaik didasarkan pada kecepatan persebaran suhu ruang kemasan dan lama ice gel mempertahankan suhu terendah dalam kemasan. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, suhu terendah yang dicapai di dalam styrofoam box dengan ice gel posisi 1 yaitu 10,3 oC (styrofoam box) dan 10,5 oC (insulated box). Suhu terendah yang dicapai dengan ice gel posisi 2 yaitu sebesar 10,1 oC (styrofoam box) dan 10,5 oC (insulated box). Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai suhu terendah tersebut yaitu selama 70 menit pada styrofoam box dengan ice gel posisi 2 dan selama 80 menit pada insulated box dengan ice gel posisi 2, sedangkan ice gel posisi 1 membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama yaitu 90 menit pada kedua kemasan. Ice gel pada posisi 1 mampu mempertahankan suhu terendah selama 100 menit pada styrofoam box dan insulated box, sedangkan ice gel posisi 2 mampu mempertahankan suhu lebih lama yaitu 110 menit pada kedua kemasan. Ice gel repack mencair keseluruhan selama 220 menit pada posisi 1 dan 2 dalam kedua kemasan distribusi. Pemberian ice gel posisi 2 mampu menurunkan suhu ruang di dalam kemasan lebih cepat dan mampu mempertahankan suhu terendah di dalam kemasan lebih lama daripada ice gel posisi 1. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka ice gel dengan posisi 2 dipilih untuk diaplikasikan ke dalam kemasan distribusi. Bunga telang setelah panen memiliki suhu sebesar ± 28,7 oC. Setelah panen, bunga tiba di laboratorium dan disimpan pada suhu 10 oC di dalam refrigerator selama 3 jam. Setelah disimpan di refrigerator, suhu bunga telang berubah menjadi ± 20 oC. Selama 2 jam masa transportasi, terjadi perubahan suhu bunga. Perlakuan A1B1 mengalami peningkatan suhu rata-rata dari 20 0C menjadi 29,3 oC, sedangkan perlakuan A2B1 mengalami peningkatan suhu rata-rata dari 20 oC menjadi 30,5 oC. Selain itu, juga terjadi penurunan suhu bunga yaitu pada perlakuan A1B2 dari 20 oC menjadi 10,7 oC, sedangkan perlakuan A2B2 mengalami penurunan suhu rata-rata dari 20 oC menjadi 11 oC. Perlakuan jenis kemasan (A) dan pemberian ice gel (B) berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap parameter mutu bunga telang dengan (P-value < 0,05). Jenis kemasan menggunakan styrofoam box (A1) dengan pemberian ice gel (B2) memberikan hasil yang lebih baik terhadap parameter mutu bunga telang. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat dari hasil pengamatan bahwa perlakuan tersebut dapat menekan kenaikan susut bobot, mempertahankan kadar air, dan menekan perubahan warna selama penyimpanan 7 hari. Selain itu, perlakuan tersebut dapat menurunkan nilai TPC daripada perlakuan yang lain. Berdasarkan uji organoleptik, penilaian tertinggi oleh panelis juga dihasilkan pada perlakuan A1B2.
dc.description.abstractButterfly pea is native flowers from Ternate, Indonesia which contain antioxidants and attractive colors. They are widely used as edible flowers or flowers consumed. Besides being consumed freshly, butterfly pea is usually used as cake decorations, puddings, and salads. Butterfly pea is a perishable product so it is easily damaged. The main factor of the damage is temperature changes during storage. High temperatures during storage cause the metabolic processes. This can affect the quality of flowers such as discoloration, wilting, and dehydration. Cold-packaging with low temperature technology has been widely developed for fruits and vegetables, but not much has been done for floriculture such as edible flowers. Styrofoam and insulated boxes are distribution packaging materials that are often used to maintain product temperature during transportation. Although it has been widely used as distribution packaging, there have not been many studies that prove its effect in maintaining the quality of edible flowers. Ice gel as a cooling medium can maintain the temperature of edible flowers to reduce the physiological damage. The purpose of this study is to determine the position of ice gel as a cooling medium in distribution packaging and examine the effect of the type of distribution packaging in the styrofoam box and insulated box on the quality of butterfly pea. The research was carried out at the Laboratory of Agricultural Food Processing Engineering (TPPHP) Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, IPB University. The study consisted of preliminary research conducted from June to August 2023, while the main research was carried out from September to November 2023. Preliminary research is conducted to determine the best ice gel position. Preliminary research consists of 6 stages, namely determining the critical time of flowers without treatment, determining the characteristics of ice gel, determining the need for ice gel, determining the dimensions of distribution packaging, determining the position of ice gel in distribution packaging, and determining the distribution of temperature without loads. The main research was conducted to observe the quality parameters of butterfly pea at a storage temperature of 10 oC. The quality parameters observed were weight loss, moisture content, color, TPC test, and organoleptic test (freshness, color, and aroma) carried out after transportation simulation, namely during storage of 7 days. Temperature of butterfly pea was measured during 2 hours of simulation and during storage. Harvested butterfly pea was placed in thinwall with dimensions of 17,5×12×4 cm and then stored in a refrigerator at 10 oC for 3 hours. After that, the butterfly pea was put into distribution packaging that has been given ice gel and then transportation simulations are carried out. The transportation simulation was carried out for 2 hours with an average amplitude of 3,006 cm and an average frequency of 4,26 Hz which is equivalent to a distance of 103,9 km on an outer city road at a speed of 60 km/hour. After simulation, the butterfly pea was observed for quality parameters as day 0, then thinwall containing butterfly pea was stored in a refrigerator at 10 oC, then observed the quality parameters for 7 days. The result obtained is that the butterfly pea has a critical time of 18 hours, which means that the butterfly pea without treatment can maintain its freshness for 18 hours at room temperature. The ice gel used in the study was a clear ice gel with repack dimensions of 8×12×0,5 cm with a freezing temperature of -9,4 °C and a melting temperature of -0,2 °C. The amount of ice gel is obtained from the amount of heat load released divided by the amount of heat absorbed by ice gel. The heat load released is the heat load from the packaging, the heat load from the butterfly pea, and the heat load from the respiration. 6 v pieces of ice gel are designed to cool 100 flowers with a total weight of ± 36 grams per distribution packaging for 2 hours. The total heat load released by the styrofoam box is 2,659 W, the total heat load released by insulated box is 2,856 W, the heat load released by the flower is 0,0112 W, the heat load released from the respiration of the flower is 0,00045 W, and the total load absorbed by the ice gel is 57,113 W. The total amount of ice gel in the styrofoam box is 47 grams with each ice gel repack weighs 7,7 grams, while the amount for ice gel in insulated box is 50 grams with each ice gel repack weighing 8,3 grams. The determination of distribution packaging dimensions is based on thinwall dimensions and ice gel dimensions. Styrofoam box distribution packaging has dimensions of 27×20,5×10,5 cm, while insulated box has dimensions of 26,2×19,7×9,7 cm. The best arrangement of the ice gel is based on the speed of temperature distribution and the how long the ice gel can maintains the temperature. Based on the results, ice gel in position 2 has the ability to reduce the temperature faster in the first 10 minutes from the initial temperature of 26 oC to 15,5 oC (styrofoam box) and to 18,9 oC (insulated box) with time to maintain temperatures below 0 oC for 140 minutes on the styrofoam box and 120 minutes on insulated box, as well as the time to maintain a temperature below 15 oC for 220 minutes at positions 1 and 2 in both distribution packaging. The lowest temperature achieved in the styrofoam box with ice gel position 2 is 10 oC and 10,5 oC in the insulated box. The time needed to reach the lowest temperature is 70 minutes in the styrofoam box with ice gel position 2 and for 80 minutes in the insulated box with ice gel position 2, while position 1 takes longer which is 90 minutes. Based on research that has been done, the arrangement of ice gel is based on the speed of temperature distribution and how long the ice gel can maintains the temperature before distribution. Ice gel position 2 was able to reduce the room temperature in the package faster than ice gel position 1. In addition, ice gel position 1 and position 2 can also maintain temperatures below 15 oC for the same time for 220 minutes. Based on this, ice gel with position 2 was chosen to be applied to the distribution packaging. Flowers after harvesting have a temperature of ± 28,7 oC. After harvesting, the flowers arrived at the laboratory and stored at 10 oC in the refrigerator for 3 hours. After being stored in the refrigerator, the temperature of the flower changes to ± 20 oC. During the 2-hour transportation period, a change in the temperature of the flower occurs. The A1B1 treatment has increased in average temperature from 20 oC to 29,3 oC, while the A2B1 treatment increased in average temperature from 20 oC to 30,5 oC. In addition, there was also a decrease in flower temperature, namely in A1B2 treatment from 20 oC to 10,7 oC, while A2B2 treatment decreased in average temperature from 20 oC to 11 oC. The treatment of packaging type (A) and ice gel (B) have a very significant effect on the quality parameters of butterfly pea with (P-value < 0,05). This type of packaging using styrofoam box (A1) with ice gel (B2) gives better results on the quality parameters of butterfly pea. This can be seen from the observation that the treatment can suppress the increase in weight loss, maintain moisture content, and suppress color change during storage 7 days. In addition, this treatment can reduce the value of TPC than other treatments. Based on organoleptic tests, the highest assessment by panelists was also generated on the A1B2 treatment.
dc.description.sponsorshipProgram Bantuan Karya Ilmiah Kepemudaan Kementerian Pemuda dan Olahraga (KEMENPORA) tahun 2023
dc.language.isoid
dc.publisherIPB Universityid
dc.titleAplikasi Ice Gel pada Kemasan Distribusi Edible Flowers Bunga Telangid
dc.title.alternativeApplication of Ice Gel For Edible Flowers Distribution Packaging of Butterfly Pea
dc.typeTesis
dc.subject.keywordBunga telangid
dc.subject.keywordbutterfly peaid
dc.subject.keywordedible flowersid
dc.subject.keywordice gelid
dc.subject.keywordinsulated boxid
dc.subject.keywordstyrofoam boxid


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