| dc.description.abstract | The APEC Economic Leaders Meeting (AELM) on November 25, 1997, in Vancouver has decided to speed up trade and liberalization of fisheries products as one of seven recommended sectors. Several tough questions arouse on Indonesian fisheries industry such as how government provide a conducive business climate for fisheries entrepreneurs, and how fisheries producers set out clear strategies towards free trade eга. Those questions are very important because fisheries industry competitiveness is rely on the support of government and the role of fisheries entrepreneurs.
In Indonesian fisheries industry, two major commodities that play an important role are shrimp and tuna. Both of them contributed around 70% of Indonesian fisheries export value and more than 30% of export volume in 1996. However, most of Indonesian exports are in fresh and semi-processed condition. In other word, endowment factors such as natural resources and low labor cost are dominantly determine the export. Meanwhile, detention from importing countries, still become a constrain for Indonesian exports. Limited products quality is the reason to embargo Indonesian products.
The objectives of this study were to identify the general structure and performance of shrimp and tuna industries and to conduct business environmental assessment, including field research to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Indonesian shrimp and tuna industries. The result was then used to examine the strategies and business implications for the Indonesia shrimp and tuna industries in order to develop the industry, to improve competitiveness, and to maintain its sustainability.
The study was conducted through the analysis of primary data and supported by secondary data. Primary data were obtained by the survey conducted at Indonesian Fisheries Federation (GAPPINDO), Indonesian Tuna Association (ASTUIN), PT. Usaha Mina (Persero), PT. Samudera Besar (Persero), PT. Harini Asribahari, PT. Sinar Mangkudijaya, PT. Triasta Citarate, and PT. Indramas Sempurna. For completing reliable data, actual information was also collected from interviews with experts, magazines, journals, and news papers. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was also applied to simplify the expert judgement before the SWOT matrix analysis was used to conduct the environmental assessment.
The global supply of shrimp from 1991 to 1996 decreased by 5% affected by the declining volume of sea shrimp caught, while shrimp pond production fluctuated with the tendency to increase. The future shrimp trade is estimated to be more dependent on the shrimp pond production due to the decreasing sea shrimp carrying capacity in nearly all waters in the world. On the other hand, the global supply of tuna | id |
