Ekstraksi Kandungan Antosianin Total dari Kayu Secang Menggunakan Metode Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Abstract

Kayu secang kaya akan senyawa polifenol seperti antosianin, dikenal memiliki kekuatan antioksidan. Metode ekstraksi yang umum seperti maserasi, seringkali lambat dan memberikan rendemen rendah. Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, metode Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) menjadi alternatif. UAE menggunakan gelombang suara dengan frekuensi di atas pendengaran manusia (≥ 20 kHz) untuk mempercepat proses ekstraksi. Penelitian ini fokus pada evaluasi pengaruh amplitudo dan waktu eksitasi dalam UAE terhadap ekstraksi antosianin total dari kayu secang. Alat UAE yang digunakan adalah Sonicator UP200ST Hielscher dengan daya 200 W dan frekuensi 26 kHz. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dua faktor yaitu, waktu eksitasi (15 dan 30 menit) dan amplitudo ultrasonik (40, 60, 80%). Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar air, rendemen, kadar antosianin total, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Sebagai pembanding, metode maserasi dilakukan pada suhu 35°C selama 7 jam. Hasil menunjukkan UAE efektif meningkatkan rendemen, kadar antosianin total, dan aktivitas antioksidan dibandingkan maserasi. Meskipun terjadi kenaikan suhu pada amplitudo 60% dan 80%, pengontrol suhu menjaga suhu tetap sekitar 35°C, mengurangi risiko oksidasi antioksidan. Perlakuan terbaik adalah amplitudo 80% dan waktu eksitasi 30 menit, menghasilkan rendemen 17.87%, kadar antosianin total 211,94 ppm, dan aktivitas antioksidan IC50 42,67 ppm. Penerapan UAE meningkatkan rendemen sebesar 5,07-9,39%, kadar antosianin total meningkat 15,47-108,62%, dan aktivitas antioksidan meningkat 8,67-35,53% dari kayu secang. Dengan demikian, UAE terbukti sebagai metode ekstraksi efektif, mempercepat proses dan meningkatkan kualitas ekstrak antioksidan dari kayu secang.

Sappan wood rich in polyphenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, is known for its potent antioxidant properties. Common extraction methods, such as maceration, are often slow and yield low extraction efficiency. To enhance efficiency, the Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method becomes an alternative. UAE utilizes sound waves with frequencies above human hearing (≥ 20 kHz) to expedite the extraction process. This study focuses on evaluating the influence of amplitude and sonication time in UAE on the total anthocyanin extraction from sappan wood. The UAE device used was the Sonicator UP200ST Hielscher with a power of 200 W and a frequency of 26 kHz. The experiment employed a completely randomized design with two factors: sonication time (15 and 30 minutes) and ultrasonic amplitude (40, 60, 80%). Parameters observed included moisture content, yield, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity. For comparison, the maceration method was conducted at a temperature of 35°C for 7 hours. Results indicate that UAE effectively improves yield, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity compared to maceration. Despite the temperature increase at amplitudes of 60% and 80%, temperature control maintained the temperature around 35°C, minimizing the risk of antioxidant oxidation. The optimal treatment was an 80% amplitude with a 30-minute sonication time, resulting in a yield of 17.87%, a total anthocyanin content of 211.94 ppm, and antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 42.67 ppm. The application of UAE increased the yield by 5.07-9.39%, the total anthocyanin content by 15.47-108.62%, and antioxidant activity by 8.67-35.53% from sappan wood. Thus, UAE proves to be an effective extraction method, accelerating the process and enhancing the quality of antioxidant extracts from sappan wood.