Strategi Distribusi BBM Subsidi Solar di Papua Pasca Pengembangan Daerah Otorita Baru
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Date
2023-12-20Author
Halim, Abdul
Fahmi, Idqan
Safari, Arief
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Show full item recordAbstract
Papua resmi dimekarkan menjadi empat wilayah yaitu Papua,Papua
Tengah, Papua Pegunungan, dan Papua Selatan efektif Juni 2022. Penyediaan dan
pendistribusian BBM bersubsidi ke setiap daerah memiliki tantangan tersendiri,
cuaca yang tidak menentu, kontur tanah tidak padat, sungai yang dangkal dan
kurangnya infrastruktur menyebabkan biaya operasi yang sangat tinggi. Selain
menyediakan BBM bersubsidi, Pertamina juga harus menjual BBM nonsubsidi agar
dapat bersaing di pasar dengan perusahaan asing yang menjual BBM nonsubsidi di
Indonesia.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi kebutuhan BBM Subsidi Solar,
kapasitas penyediaan, jaringan distribusi dan menganalisis permasalahan
pendistribusian, serta mendapatkan prioritas strategi rantai pasokan yang optimal
dan efisien pada penyediaan dan pendistribusian BBM Subsidi Solar di Provinsi
Papua, Papua Tengah, Papua Pegunungan dan Papua Selatan.
Ruang lingkup penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif, dan
data yang digunakan merupakan gabungan dari data primer dan sekunder. Data
primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi, dan data sekunder diperoleh
dari BPH Migas, PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga, penelitian kepustakaan, jurnal dan
literatur lainnya. Data yang diperoleh di analisis dengan menggunakan peramalan
permintaan, analisis lingkungan eksternal (PESTEL), analisis lingkungan internal
(rantai nilai) dan analisis lingkungan industri (SWOT). AHP dan analisis
pemrograman linier (LP) digunakan untuk mendapatkan strategi prioritas dan
validasi terhadap prioritisasi strategi.
Peramalan kebutuhan BBM Subsidi Solar menggunakan analisis peramalan
(forecasting) time series dan exponential smoothing mendapatkan kebutuhan BBM
Subsidi Solar sampai dengan tahun 2025 dalam satuan kilo liter adalah 89.246
(Papua), 11.967 (Papua Pegunungan), 64.052 (Papua Selatan) dan 52.452 (Papua
Tengah).
Total kapasitas tangki di TBBM Utama sebesar 55.022 kilo liter dan ratarata stok BBM Solar sebesar 29.427 kilo liter per bulan. Total kapasitas tangki
TBBM Hub sebesar 37.029 kilo liter dan rata-rata stok BBM Solar sebesar 33.574
kilo liter per bulan yang tersebar di empat provinsi mencukupi untuk menyimpan
dan memasok kebutuhan BBM Subsidi Solar ke masing-masing SPBU dengan total
kebutuhan sebesar 11.610 kilo liter per bulan. Begitu juga dengan kapasitas moda
transportasi sebesar 37.328 kilo liter mencukupi untuk mendistribusikan BBM
Subsidi Solar ke SPBU.
Prioritasisasi strategi dari Matriks TOWS menggunakan AHP, didapatkan
strategi mengoptimalkan jaringan distribusi dan menurunkan biaya operasional
menjadi prioritas utama yang diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan
keterlamatan distribusi dari TBBM Hub ke SPBU. Prioritas utama ini diperkuat
oleh hasil pemograman linier dimana dengan optimalisasi moda transportasi daratdengan kapasitas 5 KL dan 10 KL berpotensi mengurangi biaya transportasi dengan
tidak merubah rute atau jalur pendistribusian. Papua has officially been divided into four regions, namely Papua,Central
Papua, Highlands Papua, and South Papua effective June 2022. The supply and
distribution of subsidized fuel to each region has its own challenges, unpredicted
weather, terrain, shallow rivers and the lack of infrastructure lead to very high
operation cost. Apart from providing subsidized fuel, Pertamina must also sell nonsubsidized fuel in order to present in market competion among foreign companies
that sell non-subsidized fuel in Indonesia.
This research aims to estimate the demand for subsidized diesel fuel, supply
capacity, distribution network and analyze distribution problems, as well as obtain
optimal and efficient supply chain strategy priorities for the supply and distribution
of subsidized diesel fuel in the provinces of Papua, Middle Papua, Highlands Papua
and South Papua.
The scope of this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative, and the
data used is a combination of primary and secondary data. Primary data was
obtained through interviews and observations, and secondary data was obtained
from BPH Migas, PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga, library research, journals and other
literature. The data obtained was analyzed using demand forecasting, external
environmental analysis (PESTEL), internal environmental analysis (value chain)
and industrial environmental analysis (SWOT). AHP and linear programming (LP)
analysis are used to obtain priority strategies and validate strategy prioritization.
Forecasting the demand for subsidized diesel fuel using time series
forecasting analysis and exponential smoothing. The demand for subsidized diesel
fuel up to 2025 obtained in kilo liter units is 89,246 (Papua), 11,967 (Highlands
Papua), 64,052 (South Papua) and 52,452 (Middle Papua), the total tank capacity
at TBBM Utama is 55,022 kilo liters and the average stock of diesel fuel is 29,427
kilo liters per month.
The total capacity of the TBBM Hub tank is 37,029 kilo liters and the average
diesel fuel stock is 33,574 kilo liters per month spread across four provinces,
sufficient to store and supply the demand for subsidized diesel fuel to each gas
station with a total requirement of 11,610 kilo liters per month. Likewise, the
capacity of transportation modes is 37.328 kilo liter, sufficient to distribute
subsidized diesel fuel to gas stations.
A priority strategy selection resulted from TOWS Matrix by AHP is strategy
to optimize the distribution network and reduce operational costs as the main
priority which is expected to overcome the problem of distribution network from
Hub Terminal to gas stations. The selected priority subsidized diesel fuels
distribution strategy is supported by the results of linear programming where by
optimizing land transportation mode with capacity of 5 KL and 10, the
transportation costs is potentially reduced without changing routes or distribution
network.
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