Kualitas Fisik Pelet Komplit Limbah Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea) dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Performa Kelinci Fase Pertumbuhan

Abstract

Limbah kacang tanah merupakan sisa dari hasil samping pemanenan kacang tanah seperti kulit ari, kulit kacang tanah dan kacang tanah yang tidak lolos sortir. Limbah kacang tanah memiliki potensi besar untuk diolah menjadi pakan ternak karena ketersediaanya terjamin dan tidak bersaing dengan manusia. Limbah kacang tanah masih mengandung nutrien yang dibutuhkan oleh ternak kelinci. Teknologi pengolahan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu pengolahan limbah kacang tanah menjadi pakan pelet. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 2 proses tahapan. Tahapan pertama adalah pembuatan pelet dan tahap kedua pemeliharaan kelinci new zealand cross pejantan umur 12 minggu sebanyak 20 ekor selama 5 minggu. Rancangan yang digunakan pada uji kualitas fisik pelet adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap terdiri 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Konsumsi nutrien dan performa kelinci menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 kelompok. Limbah kacang tanah yang digunakan mengandung rasio penggunaan kulit ari sebesar 60%, kulit kacang tanah 25%, dan kacang tanah sisa sortir 15%. Perlakuan penelitian yaitu (P1) Pelet komersil sebagai kontrol, (P2) Pelet komplit + limbah kacang tanah 5%, (P3) Pelet komplit + limbah kacang tanah 10%, (P4) Pelet komplit + limbah kacang tanah 15%. Data dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh akan dihitung secara statistik menggunakan Analisis of variance, bila berbeda nyata maka diuji dengan DMRT. Penelitian kualitas fisik pelet komplit mengandung limbah kacang tanah menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) kadar air, aktivitas air, kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan dan berat jenis, tetapi tidak ada pengaruh nyata (p>0,05) ketahanan benturan pelet. Kadar air pelet masih dalam kategori memenuhi standar untuk penyimpanan pakan. Ketahanan benturan dari pelet komplit mengandung limbah kacang tanah masih dalam kategori baik. Hasil penelitian konsumsi nutrien dan performa kelinci yang diberi pelet komplit dengan penggunaan limbah kacang tanah menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh nyata (p>0,05) konsumsi bahan kering, konsumsi protein kasar, BETN, TDN, konsumsi pakan, PBBH, efisiensi pakan dan income over feed cost, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsumsi serat kasar dan lemak kasar (p<0,05). Konsumsi bahan kering 102,02-114,35 g ekor-1 hari-1, serat kasar 13,85-21,54 g ekor-1 hari-1, lemak kasar 4,05-6,57 g ekor-1 hari-1, protein kasar 17,83-20,21 g ekor-1 hari-1, abu 10,49-11,73 g ekor-1 hari-1, BETN 53,88-56,33 g ekor-1 hari-1, TDN g ekor-1 hari-1, konsumsi pakan as feed 114,51-126,58 g ekor-1 hari-1, PBBH 60,36-70,72 g ekor-1 hari-1, efisiensi pakan 0,58-0,62 g ekor-1 hari-1, dan income over feed cost tertinggi pada perlakuan (P4) pelet komplit + 15% limbah kacang tanah sebesar Rp. 230.961.

Peanut waste is the residue of peanut harvesting by-products such as epidermis, peanut shells and peanut that do not pass sorting process. Peanut waste has great potential to be processed into animal feed because its availability is guaranteed and does not compete with humans. Peanut waste still contains nutrients needed by rabbits. The processing technology that can be done is processing peanut waste into feed pellets. The research was carried out with a 2-stage process. The first stage is the manufacture of pellets and the second stage is the maintenance of New Zealand Cross rabbit aged 12 weeks as many as 20 heads for 5 weeks. The design used in the physical quality test is a complete randomized design of 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Nutrient consumption and rabbit performance used a group randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 groups. The peanut waste used contained a ratio of 60% epidermis, 25% peanut shell and 15% sorted peanuts. The research treatments were (P1) commercial pellets as control, (P2) complete pellets + 5% peanut waste, (P3) complete pellets + 10% peanut waste, (P4) complete pellets + 15% peanut waste. Data from the results processed statistically using ANOVA and if there are significant difference, it will continue using DMRT. The physical quality of complete pellets containing groundnut waste showed an effect (p<0,05) of moisture content, waster activity, pile density, pile compaction density and specific gravity but there was no significant effect (p>0.05) on pellet durability index. Pellet moisture content is still in the category that meets the standard for feed storage. The impact resistance of complete pellets containing peanut waste is still in the good category. As for the results of study nutrient consumption and performance of rabbits fed complete pellets with the use of peanut waste showed no significant effect (p>0.05) on dry matter consumption, crude protein consumption, BETN, TDN, as feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed efficiency and income over feed cost, but had a significant effect (p<0.05) on crude fiber consumption and fat consumption. Nutrient consumption included dry matter consumption was 102,02-114,35 g tail-1 day-1, crude fiber consumption 13,85-21,54 g tail-1 day-1, crude fat consumption 4,05-6,57 g tail-1 day-1, crude protein consumption 17,83-21,12 g tail-1 day-1, ash consumption 10,49-11,73 g tail-1 day-1, BETN consumption 53,88-56,33 g tail-1 day-1, TDN consumption 72,78-79,19 g tail-1 day-1, feed consumption as feed 114,51-126,58 g tail-1 day-1, daily body weight gain 60,36-70,72 g tail-1 day-1, feed efficiency 0,58-0,62 g tail-1 day-1, and income over feed cost was highest in the treatment (P4) of complete pellets + 15% peanut waste at IDR 230.961 and daily body weight gain 70,72 g tail-1 day-1.