Uji Antibakteri dan Analisis Metabolomik dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi Asal Tiga Daerah

Abstract

Kemangi merupakan tumbuhan obat yang banyak dijumpai di Indonesia dan dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian mengenai antibakteri perlu terus dilakukan seiring meningkatnya kasus resistensi antibiotik. Uji antibakteri dan analisis metabolomik pada ekstrak etanol daun kemangi yang dibudidayakan di tiga daerah asal (Banyuwangi, Cibungbulang, dan Dramaga) belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas antibakteri, mengidentifikasi senyawa, serta mendeskripsikan aktivitas biologis dari senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol daun kemangi asal Banyuwangi, Cibungbulang, dan Dramaga. Ektraksi daun kemangi dilakukan menggunakan teknik maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak diencerkan menggunakan DMSO 10% menghasilkan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 60%. Setiap konsentrasi diuji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan terhadap bakteri Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442. Analisis metabolomik dilakukan menggunakan GC-MS. Ekstrak etanol kemangi konsentrasi 40% dan 60% asal Banyuwangi, Cibungbulang, dan Dramaga dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Bacillus subtilis, tetapi tidak menghambat tiga jenis bakteri lainnya. Hasil analisis metabolomik menunjukkan bahwa ketiga sampel kemangi memiliki 12 senyawa yang sama. Senyawa mayor yang terdeteksi adalah salvigenin (Banyuwangi), salvigenin dan phytol (Cibungbulang), serta salvigenin dan linalool (Dramaga). Ketiga jenis senyawa mayor tersebut dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri.

Basil is a medicinal plant in Indonesia and reported to have antibacterial activity. Research on antibacterials needs to be continuously conducted due to the increasing cases of antibiotic resistance. Antibacterial testing and metabolomic analysis on ethanol extracts of basil leaves from Banyuwangi, Cibungbulang, and Dramaga have not been previously conducted. Therefore, this study aims to test the antibacterial activity, identify compounds, and describe the biological activities of the compounds. The maceration of basil leaves was performed with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The extracts were diluted using 10% DMSO to obtain concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60%. Each concentration was tested for antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442. Metabolomic analysis was carried out using GC-MS. The 40% and 60% ethanol extracts of basil from three regions were able to inhibit te growth of Bacillus subtilis, but did not inhibit the other three bacterial strains. All three samples of basil have 12 identical compounds. The major coupounds detected are salvigenin (Banyuwangi), salvigenin and phytol (Cibungbulang), salvigenin and linalool (Dramaga). All these major compounds have been reported to have antibacterial activity.