Evaluasi Kinerja Produksi D-Line Tiga Strain Grand Parent Stock Ayam Ras Tipe Pedaging di Indonesia.
Abstract
Grand Parent Stock (GPS) ayam ras pedaging merupakan ayam ras hasil impor yang memiliki produktivitas cukup tinggi dan setiap tahun diimpor oleh pelaku usaha pembibit di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja produksi induk jalur female line female (Dline) pada tiga strain GPS ayam ras pedaging yaitu S4, S3, dan S2. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder tahun 2017-2021 sebanyak 70 flock dengan rincian strain S4 19 flock, strain S3 30 flock, dan strain S2 21 flock. Data tersebut merupakan hasil audit performa produksi pelaku usaha pembibit GPS ayam ras pedaging yang tersebar di beberapa wilayah Indonesia dengan pemeliharaan pada closed house saat periode laying umur 25–65 minggu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan performa antar strain (S4, S3, dan S2), membandingkan antara data aktual dengan standar praktisnya (principal standard), membandingkan strain S4 pada faktor perbedaan lingkungan pemeliharaan, serta membandingkan performa strain S3 dan S2 pada faktor perbedaan perusahaan pembibit. Parameter yang diukur yaitu; daya hidup masa laying, produksi telur per hen house, puncak produksi per hen house, produksi telur tetas (HE/hatching egg) per hen house, fertilitas, daya tetas, dan saleable chick per hen house. Data parameter dianalisis secara deskriptif serta analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) meliputi performa antar strain, performa perusahaan pembibit pada perbedaan lokasi, dan performa produksi pada perusahaan pembibit yang berbeda. Sedangkan performa tiap strain terhadap standar praktis/standar principal dianalisis secara deskriptif dan uji t. Ketiga strain memiliki karakteristik dan keunggulan terhadap masing-masing sifat produksinya. Keunggulan performa produksi setiap strain berbeda-beda yang mengacu pada standar praktis (standard principal). Berdasarkan standarnya masing-masing, strain S4 memiliki performa terbaik atau sama dengan standarnya pada sifat daya hidup, produksi telur, produksi HE, dan fertilitas. Strain S3 memiliki performa terbaik pada fertilitas dan daya tetas. Strain S2 memiliki performa yang sama atau stabil dengan standarnya pada sifat fertilitas dan daya tetas. Faktor perbedaan perusahaan pembibit memengaruhi performa strain S3 dan S2, sementara strain S4 tetap stabil pada lokasi pmeliharaan yang berbeda-beda. Hasil penelitian terhadap performa produksi antar strain (3 strain) menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) pada masing-masing strain. Tiap strain memiliki karakteristik masing-masing dan keunggulan yang berbeda antar ketiganya sehingga berbagai keunggulan dari ketiga strain tersebut dapat dikembangkan di Indonesia. Terdapat perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) serta sangat nyata (P<0,01) pada hasil uji performa produksi tiap strain terhadap standar principalnya, hal ini menujukkan bahwa tiap strain berbeda karateristik antara nilai aktualnya pada masing-masing standar yang diterapkan pada saat pemeliharaan di Indoensia. Standar praktis/principal merupakan acuan yang diharapkan tercapai oleh para pelaku usaha, dan ternyata berdasarkan hasil nilai aktual rata-rata pemeliharaan di Indonesia masih cukup baik. Terdapat perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) pada performa produksi terhadap pengaruh perusahaan pembibit yang berbeda, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan pembibit yang menjalankan usaha tentu berbeda-beda antara satu dengan yang lainnya, membawa merk dagang masing-masing serta tidaklah sama dalam segala hal khususnya sumber daya manusia yang menjalankan usaha tersebut dengan berbagai latar belakang skil yang berbeda. Tidak adanya pengaruh yang nyata pada strain S4 terhadap beda lokasi pemeliharaan, hal ini sesuai dengan yang diharapkan oleh pelaku usaha dalam hal manajemen sumber daya manusia yang sama sehingga hasilnya sama walaupun adanya perbedaan lokasi pemeliharaan ternyata tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang berarti. Pola pemeliharaan yang sama tersebut, menunjukkan pembibit sudah melaksanakan manajemen usaha yang baik antara satu lokasi dengan lokasi lainnya walaupun berbeda wilayah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut diatas, hasil evaluasi kinerja produksi D-Line tiga strain grand parent stock ayam ras tipe pedaging di Indonesia memiliki kinerja yang cukup baik, sesuai terhadap standar praktis/principal, serta memiliki performa produksi saleable chick yang cukup, baik dengan kisaran 44,20–57,58 ekor sebagai acuan pemerintah dalam menghitung alokasi jumlah impor GPS ayam ras tipe pedaging tiap tahunnya. Day old chick (DOC) Grand Parent Stock (GPS) broiler is an imported breed of chicken that has a fairly high productivity and is imported every year by breeders in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the production performance of the female line female (D-line) broodstock on three broiler GPS strains, namely S4, S3, and S2. The data used is secondary data for 2017-2021 of 70 flocks with details of 19 flocks of S4 strain, 30 flocks of S3 strain, and 21 flocks of S2 strain. The data is the result of an audit of the production performance of broiler GPS breeders spread across several regions in Indonesia with maintenance in closed houses during the laying period of 25–65 weeks. The research was conducted by comparing the performance between strains (S4, S3, and S2), comparing actual data with practical standards (principal standard), comparing S4 strains on factors of differences in rearing environment, and comparing the performance of strains S3 and S2 on factors of differences in breeding companies. The parameters measured are; livebility at laying, egg production/hen house, peak production/hen house, hatching egg production (HE/hatching eggs)/hen house, fertility, hatchability and saleable chicks/hen house. Parameter data were analyzed descriptively and analysis of variance (ANOVA) included performance between strains, breeding performance at different locations, and production performance at different breeding companies. While the performance of each strain against practical standards/principal standards was analyzed descriptively and t-test. The three strains have characteristics and advantages over their respective production properties. The superior production performance of each strain varies according to practical standards (principal standards). Based on their respective standards, the S4 strain has the best performance or is equal to the standard in terms of survival, egg production, HE production, and fertility. S3 strain has the best performance on fertility and hatchability. The S2 strain has the same or stable performance as the standard on fertility and hatchability properties. The difference in the breeding companies affected the performance of the S3 and S2 strains, while the S4 strain remained stable at different rearing locations. The results of research on production performance between strains (3 strains) showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) for each strain. Each strain has its own characteristics and different advantages between the three so that the various advantages of the three strains can be developed in Indonesia. There were significant (P<0.05) and very significant (P<0.01) differences in the production performance test results of each strain against the principal standard, this indicated that each strain had different characteristics between its actual values at each standard applied during maintenance in Indonesia. The practical standard/principal is a reference that is expected to be achieved by business actors, and it turns out that based on the results of the actual average value of maintenance in Indonesia, it is still quite good. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in production performance against the influence of different breeding companies, this shows that the breeding companies that run the business certainly differ from one another, carry their respective trademarks and are not the same in all respects, especially the human resources who run the business with a variety of different skill backgrounds. There is no significant effect on the S4 strain on different maintenance locations, this is in accordance with what is expected by business actors in terms of the same human resource management so that the results are the same even though there are differences in maintenance locations that do not show significant differences. The same maintenance pattern shows that the breeder has implemented good business management from one location to another, even though the area is different. Based on the foregoing, the results of the evaluation of the performance of DLine production of three strains of grand parent stock broiler-type chickens in Indonesia have performed quite well, in accordance with practical standards/principals, and have sufficient performance in the production of saleable chicks, both in the range of 44.20–57.58 tails as a reference for the government in calculating the allocation of the amount of GPS broiler-type imported chickens each year..
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- MT - Animal Science [1208]