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      Strategi Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove untuk Ekowisata yang Berkelanjutan di Desa Pejarakan, Kabupaten Buleleng

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      Date
      2023-07
      Author
      Purnama, Fajar Adi
      Yulianto, Gatot
      Kurnia, Rahmat
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      Abstract
      Ekosistem mangrove selain berfungsi secara fisik, juga memiliki fungsi sebagai penyeimbang ekologi dan manfaat ekonomi. Kawasan pesisir Desa Pejarakan termasuk dalam kawasan pariwisata Kabupaten Buleleng yang saat ini pemanfaatan eksisting masih berupa pertambakan garam rakyat serta tambak udang dan Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) oleh salah satu perusahaan bernama PT. Agung Menjangan Mas yang berlokasi di Banjar Garuda Desa Pejarakan Kabupaten Buleleng. Sejalan dengan aktifitas perseroan, terdapat area pesisir perusahaan yang tidak digunakan sebagai area budidaya dan belum dimanfaatkan hingga saat ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah menyusun strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove untuk pengembangan ekowisata pesisir di Desa Pejarakan. Guna mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka dilakukan identifikasi potensi berupa sumberdaya mangrove, estimasi nilai ekonomi ekowisata dan analisis sosial dan kelembagaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam identifikasi potensi ekosistem mangrove tersebut adalah spot check method, data ekonomi dengan pendekatan benefit transfer dan data sosial dan kelembagaan melalui depth interview terhadap key person stakeholder berbasis purposive sampling. Adapun analisis yang digunakan adalah Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK), Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW), Willingness to Pay (WTP), Travel Cost Method (TCM) dan Stakeholder Mapping serta Gap Analysis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh jenis mangrove yang teridentifikasi sebanyak sembilan jenis dan lima jenis biota asosiasi pada area seluas ± 15 Ha tersebut. Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) dari empat area penelitian dua diantaranya termasuk dalam ketegori sesuai (S) yaitu pada area II dan III sedangkan dua area lainnya tidak sesuai (TS). Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK) sebanyak 177 orang/hari dengan nilai rata-rata WTP ketika diselenggarakan ekowisata mangrove adalah Rp 78.226,00 per wisatawan dan nilai manfaat keberadaan ekowisata tersebut adalah Rp 1.661.520.240,00/tahun dengan asumsi kunjungan wisatawan saat weekend dan hari libur. Strategi pengelolaan berdasarkan analisis stakeholder mapping dikemukakan berupa pengelolaan berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat, yaitu golongan key players pada peta stakeholder berperan sebagai koordinator dalam merencanakan pengembangan konsep ekowisata, adapun stakeholder tersebut yaitu; Desa Adat Pejarakan, Dinas Pariwisata, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan PT. Agung Menjangan Mas. Berdasarkan analisis gap, mengacu pada kondisi terkini dan kondisi ideal, teridentifikasi strategi pengelolaan secara teknis berupa; (i) upaya penyelenggaraan dan/atau pelibatan pelatihan pengawasan SDKP bagi Pokmaswas terkait oleh UPT pengampu (ii) peningkatan kinerja pokdarwis terkait kebersihan dan ekowisata melalui dukungan BUMDES Desa Pejarakan dan pelatihan pengelolaan wisata oleh dinas pariwisata, (iii) pengembangan ekowisata terpadu berbasis Desa Wisata Pejarakan dan (iv) percepatan pengesahan aturan awig-awig sebagai Perdes oleh Desa Dinas Pejarakan.
       
      In addition to functioning physically, mangrove ecosystems also have other functions, namely as ecological balancers and as sources of economic benefits. The coastal area of Pejarakan Village is included in the tourism area of Buleleng Regency, and currently, the existing utilization is still limited to the form of aquaculture areas (shrimp and salt), where one of which is managed by PT. Agung Menjangan Mas, with shrimp cultivation located in Banjar Garuda Pejarakan Village. In line with the company's activities, there are coastal areas owned by the company that are not used as cultivation areas and have not been utilized optimally. The study aims to develop a strategy for mangrove ecosystem management as ecotourism on the coast of Pejarakan Village. To achieve this goal, mangrove resource potential is identified through economic value estimation and institutional analysis. The methods used in identifying potential mangrove resources are the spot check method, economic and institutional data obtained through interviews using the purposive sampling method, and analysis that includes area carrying capacity (DDK), tourism suitability index (IKW), willingness to pay (WTP), travel cost method (TCM), Stakeholder mapping, and gap analysis. The results of the study include nine types of mangroves identified with five types of biota associations in an area of 15 Ha. The Tourism Suitability Index (IKW) shows that of the four study areas, two is included in the appropriate category (S) on the II and III area, while the other two are not suitable (TS). Regional Carrying Capacity (DDK): 177 people per day. The average value of WTP if an ecotourism event is held is IDR 78,226.00 per visitor, with the value of the benefits of the existence of mangrove ecotourism at IDR 1.661.520.240,00 per year assuming weekend and holydays tourist visits. The strategy to manage this study’s case refers to stakeholder mapping analysis by strengthening Gap analysis. Based on stakeholder analysis, it is put forward in the form of Community Empowerment, for the stakeholder namely Pejarakan customary village government, the tourism office, the environmental agency and PT. Agung Menjangan Mas. Based on the gap analysis, ideal conditions have been identified that refer to current conditions based on key person Stakeholder, namely; (i) organizing and/or engaging SDKP supervision training for the relevant Pokmaswas by the marine and fisheries service, (ii) improving Pokdarwis performance related to cleanliness and mangrove ecotourism with the support of BUMDES Pejarakan Village and tourism management training by the tourism agency, (iii) integrated ecotourism development based on Pejarakan Tourism Village, and (iv) accelerating the ratification of regulations awig-awig as Perdes by the Desa Dinas Pejarakan
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/122460
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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