Analisis Efisiensi BPRS di Indonesia Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19 : Two-Stage Approach

Abstract

Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) sebagai lembaga keuangan syariah yang memberikan pembiayaan kepada UMKM memiliki andil yang cukup besar pada perekonomian Indonesia. Namun, pada saat pandemi Covid-19 pemerintah mengeluarkan insentif pembiayaan bagi UMKM, yang mengakibatkan berkurangnya potensi BPRS di Indonesia dalam menyalurkan pembiayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi BPRS di Indonesia secara agregat, sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 periode 2018-2022. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 menggunakan metode two-stage approach, di mana pada tahap pertama dilakukan pengukuran efisiensi BPRS menggunakan metode DEA, kemudian tahap kedua dianalisis faktor apa saja yang memengaruhi efisiensi kinerja BPRS memakai metode regresi Tobit. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata BPRS lebih efisien pada periode sebelum pandemi Covid-19. Faktor internal yang memengaruhi efisiensi adalah CAR, ROA, dan FDR secara signifikan positif serta BOPO secara signifikan negatif. Sedangkan faktor eksternal yang memengaruhi efisiensi adalah GDP secara signifikan negatif. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan menambah rentang waktu, serta menggunakan pembagian zona berdasarkan tier agar hasil yang didapatkan lebih akurat.

Islamic Rural Bank (BPRS) as share financial institutions that provided financing to MSMEs have a sizeable contribution to the Indonesian economy. However, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the government issued financing incentives for MSMEs, which resulted reduction on the potential of BPRS in Indonesia on financing distribution. This study analyzes the efficiency of BPRS in Indonesia aggregately, before and during Covid-19 pandemic on 2018-2022 period. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of BPRS in Indonesia in aggregate, before and during the Covid-19 pandemic for the 2018-2022 period. With a total of 60 samples, a two-stage approach method was used, where in the first stage BPRS efficiency measurements were carried out using the DEA method, then the second stage was analyzed what factors affected the efficiency of BPRS performance using Tobit regression. The results of this study show that on average, BPRS was more efficient in the period before the Covid-19 pandemic. Internal factors that affected efficiency were CAR, ROA, and FDR significantly positive and BOPO significantly negative. While the external factor that affected efficiency was GDP significantly negative. Further research is expected to increase the time span, and use the division of zones by tier so that the results obtained are more accurate.