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      Pemurnian Minyak Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.) Skala Pilot dari Hasil Samping Pengalengan

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      Date
      2023-06-06
      Author
      Aprillia, Adenia Cahyatie
      Suseno, Sugeng Heri
      Bustami, Bustami
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      Abstract
      ADENIA CAHYATIE APRILLIA. Pemurnian Minyak Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.) Skala Pilot dari Hasil Samping Pengalengan Dibimbing oleh SUGENG HERI SUSENO dan BUSTAMI. Minyak ikan yang berasal dari hasil samping industri pengalengan mengandung bahan-bahan non minyak dengan kualitas rendah dan belum memenuhi standar mutu minyak ikan atau IFOS (International Fish Oil Standart), sehingga perlu dimurnikan untuk dapat memenuhi standar mutu minyak ikan IFOS dan layak dikonsumsi (edible oil). Hasil penelitian terdahulu umumnya terbatas pada skala laboratorium, sehingga minyak ikan perlu dimurnikan secara spesifik pada skala pilot, salah satunya melalui proses pemurnian menggunakan sentrifugasi tubular bowl. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik minyak ikan tuna hasil samping pengalengan dan menentukan kualitas minyak ikan tuna terbaik yang dihasilkan melalui proses pemurnian dengan menggunakan volume dan kecepatan pompa sentrifugasi yang sesuai dengan standar IFOS. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu karakterisasi minyak ikan tuna kasar yang meliputi pengujian kadar asam lemak bebas (FFA), nilai peroksida (PV), nilai p-anisidin (p-AnV), dan total oksidasi (totoks), nilai viskositas, nilai kejernihan, kandungan logam berat dan profil asam lemak. Tahapan kedua dilakukan pemurnian minyak tuna dengan volume minyak ikan (5; 7,5; 10) L dengan sentrifuse high speed refrigerated (sentrifuse laboratorium) serta sentrifuse tubular bowl dengan perlakuan kecepatan pompa sentrifugasi (150; 250; 350) mL/menit. Rancangan yang digunakan pada perlakuan volume pemurnian dengan sentrifugasi laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan perlakuan volume pemurnian dengan kecepatan pompa sentrifugasi tubular bowl menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF). Karakteristik minyak tuna kasar berdasarkan parameter oksidasi yang diperoleh belum memenuhi standar IFOS. Hasil pemurnian minyak tuna dengan volume pemurnian yang berbeda menggunakan sentrifugasi laboratorium diperoleh volume minyak ikan 10 L telah sesuai standar IFOS yang meliputi, kadar FFA 0,36±0,05%, nilai PV 6,87±0,09 mEq/kg, nilai p-AnV 6,28±0,1 mEq/kg, totoks 20±0,29 mEq/kg dengan nilai kejernihan 91,88±0,04%T dan rendemen 87±1,70%. Proses pemurnian minyak ikan tuna menggunakan sentrifuse tubular bowl diperoleh hasil terbaik berdasarkan parameter oksidasi yang telah memenuhi standar IFOS yakni volume pemurnian 7,5 L dengan kecepatan pompa sentrifugasi 150 mL/menit berdasarkan parameter oksidasi minyak ikan yang meliputi FFA 0,20±0,09%, PV 6,20±0,28 mEq/kg, p-AnV 2,70±0,13 mEq/kg, totoks 15,10±0,70 mEq/kg, rendemen 80±0,04%, kejernihan 84,50±0,04%T, dan viskositas 72±0, cP. Keragaan asam lemak minyak tuna murni didominasi oleh DHA 19,62 % dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan EPA 7,99%.
       
      ADENIA CAHYATIE APRILLIA. Purification of Tuna (Thunnus sp.) Oil on Pilot Scale from Canning By-products Supervised by SUGENG HERI SUSENO and BUSTAMI. Fish oil derived from by-products of the canning industry contains non-oil ingredients with low quality and has not met the quality standards of fish oil or IFOS (International Fish Oil Standart), so it needs to be purified to meet the quality standards of IFOS fish oil and is suitable for consumption (edible oil). The results of previous research are generally limited to the laboratory scale, so fish oil needs to be purified specifically on a pilot scale, one of which is through a purification process using tubular bowl centrifugation. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of tuna fish oil by-products of canning and determine the best quality of tuna fish oil produced through the refining process using the volume and speed of the centrifuge pump in accordance with IFOS standards. The research was conducted in two stages, namely, the characterization of crude tuna oil which includes testing free fatty acid (FFA) content, peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AnV), and total oxidation (totox), viscosity value, clarity value, heavy metal content, and fatty acid profile. The second stage of tuna oil purification was carried out with a volume of fish oil (5; 7,5; 10) L with a high-speed refrigerated centrifuge (laboratory centrifuge) and a tubular bowl centrifuge with centrifuge pump speed treatments of (150; 250; 350) mL/min. The design used in the treatment of purification volume with laboratory centrifugation used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the treatment of purification volume with tubular bowl centrifuge pump speed used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD). The characteristics of crude tuna oil based on the oxidation parameters obtained have not met the IFOS standards. The results of tuna oil refining with different refining volumes using a laboratory centrifugation obtained a volume of 10 L fish oil has met the IFOS standards which include, FFA content of 0,36±0.05%, PV 6,87±0,09 mEq/kg, p-AnV 6,28±0,1 mEq/kg, totox 20±0,29 mEq/kg with a clarity value 91,88±0,04%T and yield 87±1,70%. The process of refining tuna oil using a tubular bowl centrifuge obtained the best results based on oxidation parameters that have met IFOS standads, namely the refining volume of 7,5 L with a centrifuge pump speed of 150 mL/min based on fish oil oxidation parameters including FFA 0,20±0,09%, PV 6,20±0,28 mEq/kg, p-AnV 2,70±0,13 mEq/kg, totox 15,10±0,70 mEq/kg, yield 80±0,04%, clarity 84,50±0,04%T, and viscosity 72±0 cP. The fatty acid composition of refined tuna oil was dominated by DHA 19,62% and higher than EPA 7,99%.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/118591
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      • MT - Fisheries [3203]

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