Kinerja Reproduksi Induk sapi Bali Melalui Program Inseminasi Buatan di Polewali Mandar Sulawesi Barat

Abstract

Intesifikasi Inseminasi Buatan (IB) pada sapi Bali merupakan program pemerintah untuk meningkatkan populasi dan produktivitas sapi lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja reproduksi induk sapi Bali melalui Program IB di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar, Sulawesi Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di dua lokasi yaitu di dataran rendah (<200 m dpl) yaitu di Kecamatan Wonomulyo dan Campalagian dan dataran tinggi (>300 m dpl) yaitu di Kecamatan Limboro dan Bulo di wilayah Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Pendataan dilakukan terhadap profil peternak dan inseminator, serta parameter reproduksi sapi yang meliputi service per conception (S/C), angka kebuntingan (CR), angka kelahiran (CvR), jarak beranak (CI) dan calf Mortility (CM). Data-data tersebut dihitung dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Ternak sapi diusahakan oleh petani dengan skala usaha sebagian besar dibawah 5 ekor dan menerapkan pembiakan melalui IB yang dilakukan oleh inseminator dengan pengalaman diatas 10 tahun. Pada dataran rendah, meskipun memiliki nilai S/C (1,26 dan 1,17) dan CI (366,31 dan 360 hari) yang hampir sama, induk sapi Bali yang di IB dengan semen pejantan Bali memiliki CvR (75,69%) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang di IB semen pejantan Simmental CvR (49,69%). Sementara pada dataran tinggi, induk sapi Bali yang di IB dengan semen pejantan Bali cenderung memiliki nilai S/C (1,30) dan CI (356,95 hari) yang lebih rendah tetapi memiliki nilai CvR (61%) dan CR (77%) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang di IB semen pejantan Simmental (S/C 1,5; CI 412,96 hari; CvR 50%; CR 66,67%). Tingginya S/C di dataran tinggi (1,50) disebabkan kendala lokasi atau jarak ternak dengan tempat inseminator yang cukup jauh, sehingga membutuhkan waktu untuk melakukan layanan IB dan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan belum optimalnya pemberian layanan IB bagi sapi betina birahi. Didataran tinggi Sapi sebagian digembalakan dikebun, sehingga peternak nenyulitkan mendeteksi birahi. Secara umum, sapi Bali hasil IB di dataran rendah di Polewali Mandar menunjukkan kinerja reproduksi yang cenderung lebih baik dibandingkan di dataran tinggi. S/C di dataran rendah (1,26 dan 1,17) lebih rendah di banding di dataran tinggi (1,3 dan 1,5),

Intesification of artificial insemination (AI) in Bali cattle is a government program to increase the population and productivity of local cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the reproductive performance of Bali cows through the AI program in Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi. The study was conducted in two different locations, i.e. in the low lands (<300 m ASL) including Wonomulyo and Campalagian Districs, and high lands (>300 m ASL); including Limboro and Bulo Districts in Polewali Mandar Regency. Data collection was carried out on farmers and inseminators profiles, and cow’s reproductive parameters including service per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR), calving rate (CvR), calving interval (CI) and Calf Mortility (CM). These data were calculated and analyzed descriptively. The cows in this study were raised by farmers in small-scale farm, mostly under 5 heads. The cattle breeding through AI program was carried out by inseminators with over 10 years of experience. In the lowlands, S/C values were 1.26 – 1.17 and CI were 360 to 366.31 days, respectively. Bali cows that were inseminated using Bali bulls semen had a CvR of 75.69% which were higher than those using Simmental bulls semen (CvR 49.69%;). While in the highlands, Bali cows that were inseminated with Bali bulls semen tended to have higher S/C (1.30) and CI (356.95 days) values but had CvR of 61.00% and CR 77.00% which was also higher than that of Simmental bulls semen (S/C 1,50; CI 412,86 days; CvR 50.00%; CR 66.67%). The high S/C in the highlands (1.50) is due to location constraints or the distance between the livestock and the inseminator's residence which is quite far, so it takes time to carry out AI services and is one of the factors that can cause the provision of AI services for female cows in heat is not optimal. . In the highlands, most of the cattle are grazed in the grazing areas, making it difficult for breeders to detect oestrus. In general, Bali cattle produced by AI in the lowlands of Polewali Mandar district tended to have better reproductive performance than those in the highlands. The S/C in the lowlands (1.26 and 1.17) is lower than that in the highlands (1.3 and 1.5).