Pengaruh Waktu Penyimpanan dan Jenis Kemasan terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Kadar Air Dedak Padi

Abstract

Dedak padi merupakan bahan pakan yang biasa digunakan dalam ransum ternak karena cukup banyak tersedia dan disukai ternak. Kelemahan dedak padi selain mengandung zat anti nutrisi juga daya simpannya yang rendah sehingga mudah menurun kualitasnya. Masalah daya simpan dapat diatasi secara teknologi dengan menambahkan bahan pengawet (aditif asam organik) dan penggunaan kemasan kedap udara (hermetik). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial (3 x 4) dengan 4 ulangan, yang terdiri dari faktor lama penyimpanan (0, 30, 60 hari) dan faktor jenis kemasan (karung plastik polipropena, karung goni, kantong plastik polietilena, dan kantong hermetik). Peubah yang diamati yaitu kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, berat jenis, dan kadar air. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam ANOVA (Analyses of Variance) dan bila terjadi perbedaan yang signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey menggunakan software minitab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan waktu penyimpanan, jenis kemasan dan interaksi nyata (p<0,05) mempengaruhi nilai kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, berat jenis dan kadar air dedak padi. Selama penyimpanan terjadi penurunan nilai kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, dan berat jenis serta terjadi peningkatan pada nilai kadar air dan jumlah serangan serangga. Perlakuan kantong plastik polietilena dan kantong hermetik seiring dengan penyimpanan (0, 30, dan 60 hari) nyata (p<0,05) lebih tinggi dalam mempertahankan kualitas dedak padi dibanding kemasan karung plastik polipropena dan karung goni. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kantong plastik polietilena dan kantong hermetik lebih baik dalam mempertahankan kualitas dedak padi dibandingkan karung plastik polipropena dan karung goni dengan waktu optimal penyimpanan antara 30 hari sampai kurang dari 60 hari.

Rice bran is a feed ingredient commonly used in livestock rations because it is widely available and favored by livestock. The weakness of rice bran in addition to containing anti-nutritional substances is also a low storability so that it is easy to decrease its quality. This problem may be overcome technologically by adding preservatives (organic acid additives) and the use of anti air packaging (hermetic). This research used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) (3 x 4) with 4 replications, that consist of factor storage time (0, 30, 60 days) and factor type of packaging (polypropyline plastic sacks, burlap sacks, polyethylene bag, and hermetic bag). The variables observed were bulk density, tapped density, true density and moisture content. The data obtained from the results of the research were analyzed using analyses of variance (ANOVA) and if there was a significant difference followed by the tukey test using minitab software. The results of the research showed that the differences in storage, type of packaging and treatment interaction had a significant effect (p<0.05) on bulk density, tapped density, true density and moisture content. During the storage there was a decrease in the value of bulk density, tapped density and true density and increase in the value of moisture content and insect attaction. The treatment of polyethylene bag and hermetic bag during the storage (0, 30, 60 days) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in maintaining the quality of rice bran than polypropyline plastic sacks and burlap sacks. The conclusion is the use of polyethylene bag and hermetic bag is better in maintaining quality than polypropyline plastic sacks and burlap sacks with optimal storage time between 30 days to less than 60 days.