Aplikasi Multispesies Probiotik, Prebiotik dan Sinbiotik untuk Pencegahan Vibriosis pada Udang Vaname Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Salah satu masalah dalam budidaya udang adalah serangan penyakit vibriosis akibat infeksi bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Alternatif preventif dan ramah lingkungan yang dapat ditawarkan yaitu menggunakan probiotik, prebiotik dan sinbiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian multispesies probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum dan Bacillus cereus, prebiotik mannanoligosakarida serta sinbiotik terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan respons imun udang vaname yang diinfeksi bakteri V. parahaemolyticus. Penelitian ini terdiri atas empat perlakuan pada uji suplementasi dan lima perlakuan pada uji tantang, yaitu kontrol (tanpa suplementasi), suplementasi multispesies probiotik L. plantarum dan B. cereus, prebiotik MOS serta sinbiotik. Udang vaname dengan bobot rata-rata 0,55±0,01 g dipelihara dengan padat tebar 15 ekor/akuarium. Udang diberi pakan komersial yang telah diperkaya dengan multispesies probiotik L. plantarum dan B. cereus, prebiotik MOS serta sinbiotik selama 40 hari, kemudian diuji tantang dengan bakteri V. parahaemolyticus. Parameter yang diamati selama penelitian meliputi tingkat kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rasio konversi pakan, total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, aktivitas fagositik, aktivitas respiratory burst, dan aktivitas phenoloxidase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian multispesies probiotik L. plantarum dan B. cereus, prebiotik MOS serta sinbiotik dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan respons imun udang vaname yang diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus dengan hasil terbaik pada perlakuan multispesies probiotik dan sinbiotik.

One of the problems in shrimp farming is the attack of vibriosis disease due to infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria. Preventive and environmentally friendly alternatives that can be offered are using probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. This study aimed to examine the effect of multispecies probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus cereus, mannanoligosaccharide prebiotics and synbiotics on growth performance and immune response of white vaname shrimp infected with V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. This study consisted of four treatments in the supplementation test and five treatments in the challenge test, namely control (without supplementation), multispecies supplementation of probiotics L. plantarum and B. cereus, MOS prebiotics and synbiotics. Vannamei shrimp with an average weight of 0.55±0.01 g were reared at a stocking density of 15 fish/aquarium. Shrimp were fed commercial feed enriched with multispecies probiotic L. plantarum and B. cereus, MOS prebiotic and synbiotic for 40 days, then challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. Parameters observed during the study included survival rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, and phenoloxidase activity. The results showed that the administration of multispecies probiotics L. plantarum and B. cereus, MOS prebiotics and synbiotics could improve the growth performance and immune response of white vaname shrimp infected with V. parahaemolyticus with the best results in the multispecies treatment of probiotics and synbiotics.