Identifikasi Bakteri dari Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus) Sakit Asal Bogor Secara Konvensional dan Biomolekuler

Abstract

Identifikasi Bakteri dari Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus) Sakit Asal Bogor Secara Konvensional dan Biomolekuler. Dibimbing oleh SRI NURYATI dan MUNTI YUHANA. Ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) merupakan ikan perairan tawar yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Intensifikasi budidaya ikan lele dapat memicu timbulnya penyakit bakterial. Budidaya ikan lele pada September 2020 di daerah Parung, Bogor banyak dirugikan oleh wabah penyakit yang menyebabkan terjadinya kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri secara konvensional dan biomolekuler yang berasal dari ikan lele yang sakit. Isolat bakteri yang diidentifikasi berasal dari ikan lele yang terjangkit penyakit. Isolat tersebut diambil dari sampel ikan lele yang berbeda-beda. Jumlah isolat yang diamati yaitu 6 isolat diantaranya adalah isolat bakteri C4G, E4G, A4G, B2U, B5L, dan EH2. Proses identifikasi dilakukan dengan mengamati hasil baik karakterisasi morfologi maupun fisiologi bakteri tersebut. Pengujian dilakukan melalui pengamatan koloni bakteri, pewarnaan Gram, uji oksidatif dan fermentatif, uji motilitas, uji katalase, uji oksidase, dan uji lanjut Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Bakteri kemudian diuji patogenitasnya melalui prosedur Postulat Koch. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan isolat bakteri C4G, E4G, A4G, B2U, B5L, dan EH2 merupakan bakteri patogen. Kelompok Staphylococcus pasteuri untuk isolat bakteri C4G, isolat bakteri E4G merupakan kelompok Salmonella enterica, isolat bakteri A4G merupakan kelompok Escherichia coli, isolat bakteri B2U merupakan kelompok Enterobacteri hormaechei, isolat bakteri B5L merupakan kelompok Bacillales bacterium, dan isolat bakteri EH2 merupakan kelompok Aeromonas salmonicida. Bakteri setelah diinjeksikan ke ikan lele ukuran 19-24 cm dengan kepadatan bakteri 106 CFU mL-1 dan dosis 0,1 mL/ekor, ikan tersebut menunjukkan gejala klinis berupa tubuh pucat, dropsi, kurang aktif berenang, sirip geripis, ulcer, hingga kematian. Adanya gejala tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bakteri bersifat patogen untuk ikan lele. Kata kunci: bakteri, Clarias gariepinus, isolat, penyaki

Identification of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Bogor that Infected by Bacteria Conventionally and Biomolecularly. Guided by SRI NURYATI and MUNTI YUHANA. Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a freshwater fish that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Intensification of catfish cultivation can trigger the onset of bacterial diseases. Catfish cultivation in September 2020 in Parung area, Bogor was harmed by the outbreak of diseases that cause death. The study aimed to identify conventional and biomolecular types of bacteria derived from infected catfish. The identified bacterial isolate comes from catfish infected with the disease. The isolates were taken from different catfish samples. The number of isolates observed is 6 isolates including C4G, E4G, A4G, B2U, B5L, and EH2 bacterial isolates. The identification process is carried out by observing the results of both morphological characterization and physiology of the bacteria. Testing is conducted through observation of bacterial colonies, Gram staining, Oxidative and fermentative test, motility test, catalase test, oxidase test, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) advanced test. The bacteria are then tested for pathogenity through Koch's Postulate procedure. The identification results showed that C4G, E4G, A4G, B2U, B5L, and EH2 bacterial isolates were pathogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus pasteuri group for C4G bacterial isolate, E4G bacterial isolate is Salmonella enterica group, A4G bacterial isolate is Escherichia coli group, B2U bacterial isolate is Enterobacteri hormaechei group, B5L bacterial isolate is Bacillales bacterium group, and EH2 bacterial isolate is Aeromonas salmonicida group. Bacteria after being injected into catfish measuring 19-24 cm with a bacterial density of 106 CFU mL-1 and a dose of 0,1 mL/tail, the fish showed clinical symptoms in the form of pale bodies, puffiness, inactivity swimming, small wounds on fins, ulcers, even death. The presence of these symptoms indicates that the bacteria are pathogenic to catfish. Keywords: bacteria, Clarias gariepinus, disease, isolate