| dc.description.abstract | Apel merupakan salah satu buah yang populer di Indonesia dengan tingkat konsumsi yang tinggi. Konsumsi apel yang cukup tinggi membutuhkan ketersediaan apel secara terus menerus sehingga perlu pengembangan agroindustri apel yang berkelanjutan dan berdaya saing. Karakteristik komoditasnya yang mudah rusak menyebabkan perlu adanya pengolahan lebih lanjut. Hal tersebut menyebabkan munculnya banyak industri kecil dan menengah yang memanfaatkan apel menjadi berbagai jenis produk olahan apel. Tetapi industri kecil dan menengah belum teridentifikasi dengan baik rantai pasoknya sehingga perlu implementasi manajemen rantai pasok. Implementasi manajemen rantai pasok mendukung adanya kerjasama yang terjalin antara pemasok, produsen, dan konsumen sehingga dalam penerapannya dilakukan pada keseluruhan rantai pasok agroindustri apel. Agroindustri apel melibatkan beberapa anggota yang saling terintegrasi mulai dari hulu ke hilir secara berkelanjutan sehingga membutuhkan identifikasi, pengukuran, dan evaluasi rantai pasok untuk menentukan strategi perbaikannya. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya identifikasi, pengukuran, dan evaluasi manajemen rantai pasok dengan analisis kinerja, nilai tambah, dan risiko rantai pasok, serta strategi perbaikan untuk peningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi manajemen rantai pasok agroindustri apel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi struktur rantai pasok agroindustri apel, menganalisis dan mengukur kinerja rantai pasok agroindustri apel, menganalisis dan menghitung nilai tambah rantai pasok agroindustri apel, menganalisis dan mengukur risiko rantai pasok agroindustri apel dan menentukan tindakan mitigasi risiko, serta merumuskan strategi peningkatan efektivitas dan efisiensi rantai pasok agroindustri apel. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Batu, Jawa Timur sebagai salah satu sentra produksi apel di Indonesia. Produk yang diteliti terdiri dari apel segar dan tiga jenis produk olahan apel, yaitu keripik apel, minuman sari apel, dan dodol apel. Identifikasi struktur rantai pasok dianalisis melalui observasi lapang dan wawancara kepada setiap anggota rantai pasok. Selanjutnya, kinerja rantai pasok dianalisis dengan model Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) dan pembobotannya dengan model Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Analisis nilai tambah dengan model Hayami termodifikasi. Analisis risiko dimulai dengan mengidentifikasi kejadian risiko dan sumber risiko berdasarkan model SCOR. Lalu, dilakukan perhitungan dengan model House of Risk (HOR) untuk menentukan prioritas risiko yang harus dimitigasi dengan segera, serta prioritas tindakan mitigasi risiko. Setelah itu, perumusan strategi peningkatan efektivitas dan efisiensi rantai pasok dengan model Analytical Network Process (ANP). Rantai pasok agroindustri apel terbagi menjadi dua struktur besar, yaitu struktur rantai pasok untuk apel segar dan struktur rantai pasok untuk produk olahan apel. Anggota rantai pasok terdiri dari petani, pengepul, pedagang besar luar daerah, pedagang besar antar daerah, retailer luar daerah, retailer antar daerah, kelompok tani, supermarket, industri olahan apel, retailer produk, dan konsumen. Kinerja rantai pasok petani, pengepul, industri keripik apel, industri minuman sari apel, dan industri dodol apel masing-masing sebesar 49,273%, 60,840%,, 68,063%, 68,623%, dan 68,204%. Kinerja petani termasuk dalam kategori marginal, sedangkan kinerja pengepul dan industri olahan apel termasuk dalam kategori average. Rasio nilai tambah dan keuntungan petani sebesar 48,87% dan 50,74%. Rasio nilai tambah dan keuntungan pengepul sebesar 16,37% dan 90,13%. Rasio nilai tambah dan keuntungan industri keripik apel sebesar 70,00% dan 91,47%. Rasio nilai tambah dan keuntungan industri minuman sari apel sebesar 76,11% dan 81,54%. Rasio nilai tambah dan keuntungan industri dodol apel sebesar 71,88% dan 90,77%. Sumber risiko tertinggi petani adalah harga jual apel terlalu rendah, sumber risiko tertinggi pengepul adalah banyak apel dengan kualitas rendah tetap diterima, dan sumber risiko tertinggi industri olahan apel adalah biaya produksi yang fluktuatif. Prioritas tindakan mitigasi risiko petani adalah melakukan pengendalian hama dan penyakit, sedangkan pengepul adalah membuat standarisasi dan kesepakatan dengan petani mengenai kualitas apel. Prioritas tindakan mitigasi risiko industri olahan apel adalah merencanakan, mengoptimalisasi, mengawasi, dan mengevaluasi proses produksi secara berkala. Alternatif strategi peningkatan efektivitas dan efisiensi rantai pasok agroindustri apel adalah pengembangan dan inovasi teknologi. | id |
| dc.description.abstract | Apples are one of the most popular fruits in Indonesia with high consumption. The high consumption of apples requires continuous availability, so it needs a sustainable and competitive development of apple agroindustry. The characteristics of its perishable commodity needs for further processing. It causes many small and medium enterprises use apples into various apple products. However, small and medium enterprises have not identified their supply chains properly, so it needs the implementation of supply chain management. The implementation of supply chain management supports the cooperation between suppliers, producers, and consumers so it should be applied to the entire apple agroindustry supply chain. The apple agroindustry involves several members who are integrated with each other from upstream to downstream on a sustainable basis so it requires identification, measurement, and evaluation of the supply chain to determine the improvement strategy. Therefore, it needs to identify, measure, and evaluate supply chain management with analysis of performance, added value, risk, and make a strategy to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of supply chain management in the apple agroindustry. The purpose of this research is to identify the supply chain structure of apple agroindustry, analyze and measure the supply chain performance of apple agroindustry supply chain, analyze and calculate the added value of apple agroindustry supply chain, analyze and measures the supply chain risk of apple agroindustry and determine risk mitigation actions, and formulate strategy for improving effectiveness and efficiency of apple agroindustry supply chain. The research was conducted in Batu City, East Java, as the one of apple production center in Indonesia. The products studied consisted of fresh apples and three types of apple products, that are apple chips, apple cider, and sticky apple cake. The identification of supply chain structures was analyzed through field observations and interviews with each member of supply chain. The supply chain performance was analyzed using Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) model and the weighting with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. The added value is calculated using a modified Hayami model. Risk analysis begins by identifying risk events and risk agent based on the SCOR model. Then, the calculation using House of Risk (HOR) model to determine the priority risks that must be mitigated immediately, and the priority of risk mitigation actions. The strategy formulation for effectiveness and efficiency improvement of supply chain using Analytical Network Process (ANP) model. The supply chain for apple agroindustry is divided into two major structures, supply chain structure for fresh apples and supply chain structure for apple products. The members of the supply chain consist of farmers, collectors, wholesalers outside the region, wholesalers between regions, retailers outside the region, retailers between regions, farmer groups, supermarkets, industry, product retailers, and consumers. The supply chain performance for farmers, collectors, apple chip industry, apple cider industry, and sticky apple cake industry respectively are 49.273%, 60.840%, 68.063%, 68.623%, and 68.204%. The performance of farmers are include in the marginal category, while the performance of collectors and apple industries are include in the average category. The added value ratio and the profit for farmers are 48.87% and 50.74%. The added value ratio and the profit for collectors are 16.37% and 90.13%. The added value ratio and the profit for apple chips industry are 70.00% and 91.47%. The added value ratio and the profit for apple cider industry are 76.11% and 81.54%. The added value ratio and the profit for sticky apple cake industry are 71.88% and 90.77%. The highest risk for farmers are low selling price of apples, the highest risk for collectors are many apples with low quality, and the highest risk for apple industries are the fluctuations in production costs. The priority of farmers risk mitigation actions are doing pests and diseases control, while for the collectors are made standardization the quality of apples with farmers. The priority of apple industries risk mitigation actions are planning, optimizing, monitoring, and evaluating the production process periodically. The alternative strategies for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of apple agroindustry supply chain are technology development and innovation. | id |
