Uji Performansi Pengering Efek Rumah Kaca Hybrid Tipe Rak untuk Pengeringan Ikan Asin Tembang (Sardinella fimbriata)

Abstract

Pengeringan merupakan salah satu cara pengawetan yang dapat diterapkan pada ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji performansi alat pengering efek rumah kaca untuk pengeringan ikan asin tembang. Pengujian dilakukan dengan dua perlakuan yaitu pengeringan dilakukan dari pagi sampai malam, saat malam menggunakan biomassa dan pengeringan dilakukan dari pagi sampai sore menggunakan biomassa. Pengujian 1 menggunakan ikan asin tembang dengan massa 120 kg, kadar air 66,64 %bb menjadi 44,60 %bb membutuhkan waktu 26 jam dengan suhu pengeringan rata-rata antara 35–40 ºC, efisiensi pengeringan 14,18 % dan konsumsi energi spesifik 18,38 MJ/kg uap air. Pengujian 2 dengan massa 120 kg, kadar air 56,67 %bb menjadi 25,44 %bb membutuhkan waktu 26 jam, suhu pengeringan antara 40–55 ºC, efisiensi pengeringan 7,87 % dan konsumsi energi spesifik 31,47 MJ/kg uap air. Efisiensi sistem (tungku-HE) 8,46 %. Analisis kelayakan usaha ikan asin didapatkan nilai NPV Rp4.344.112,03, Net B/C 1,12 dan Gross B/C 1,03, dan IRR 16,70 %. Titik impas dicapai saat total produksi telah mencapai 15.042 kg. Payback period dicapai pada 3 tahun 3 bulan, sehingga usaha layak untuk dijalankan. Penggunaan alat pengering dilakukan dari pagi sampai malam lebih disarankan untuk penghematan energi. Kata kunci: alat pengering efek rumah kaca, biomassa, energi, ikan asin tembang, performansi.

rying is one of preservation method that can be applied to fish. The purpose of this study was to test the performance of the greenhouse effect dryer for salted tembang fish drying. The test was carried out with two treatments. First treatment was using sun drying at day, then using biomass as the heat source at night. Second treatment was using biomass both at day and night. Testing 1 used salted tembang fish with a mass of 120 kg. The water content was decreasing from 66,64 % w.b to 44,60 % w.b for 26 hours with an average drying temperature between 35–40 ºC. Drying efficiency was 14,18 % and specific energy consumption was 18,38 MJ/kg water vapor. Testing 2 also used 120 kg of the salted fish. Water content was decreasing from 56,67 % w.b to 25,44 % w.b for 26 hours. The drying temperatures were between 40–55 ºC, drying efficiency was 7,87 %, and specific energy consumption was 31,47 MJ/kg of water vapor. System efficiency (furnace-HE) was 8.46%. Analysis of the feasibility of salted fish business obtained NPV value up to IDR 4.344.112,03, Net B/C and Gross B/C respectively was 1,12 and 1,03. IRR was 16,70 %. The break-even point would be reached when the total production has reached 15.024 kg. Payback period would be reached in 3 years 3 months, so the business was feasible to run. The dryer was recommended to be used at day for energy savings. Keywords: biomass, energy, greenhouse effect dryer, salted tembang fish, performance