Habitat dan populasi owa jawa (Hylobates moloch Audebert, 1797) di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango Jawa Barat

Abstract

Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch Audebert, 1797) is one of the endemic primates of Indonesia, distributed in West and Central Java. High degree of threats for javan gibbon in the wild must be addressed by management effort based on complete present data of its habitat and population. This research conducted in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park and aimed to: (1) analyze the habitat of javan gibbon; (2) study javan gibbon population data; (3) study javan gibbon’s habitat and population problems affecting the existence of the species. Vegetation sampling was taken along survey transect at 7 resort. There were 44 feeding tree species from 24 families and 17 species from 7 families used by the gibbons as sleeping trees. The total number of individuals founded in this research was 42 individuals of 13 groups. The densities of javan gibbon at core zone was 7,14 individuals/km2 and 2,30 groups/km2 , whereas at utilization zone was 5,69 individuals/km2 and 1,54 groups/km2 . Estimated total individual density was 6,43 individu/km2 whereas group density was 1,93 groups/km2 . The estimation of javan gibbon in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park was 347 individuals in 105 groups. The highest percentage of daily activities was eating of 34,63 %, and the lowest was agression (through vocalization) of 3,21 %. Several problems occured to the habitat and the population of javan gibbon in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park were: (1) illegal logging; (2) agricultural landclearing; (3) tourists and other human activities; (4) illegal hunting; (5) firewoods gathering; (6) non-wood forest product extraction. There are three recommendations to ensure the conservation of javan gibbons in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park: (1) Enhancing the management of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park areas; (2) Managing the activities of local people; and (3) Managing tourist of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Keywords: Javan gibbon, Hylobates moloch, habitat, population, National Park

Salah satu jenis primata endemik yang dimiliki Indonesia adalah owa jawa atau javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch Audebert 1797), dengan wilayah penyebaran meliputi Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Tingkat keterancaman yang tinggi dari owa jawa di alam menyebabkan perlunya pengelolaan berdasarkan data yang lengkap terhadap habitat alami dan populasi owa jawa yang ada. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk melengkapi kebutuhan data yang diperlukan untuk pengelolaan owa jawa di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGP). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) menganalisis habitat owa jawa; (2) mengkaji populasi owa jawa; (3) mengkaji permasalahan habitat dan populasi yang berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan owa jawa. Data-data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data primer dan sekunder, melalui pengamatan langsung terhadap habitat dan populasi owa jawa di lapangan serta studi literatur yang relevan dengan bidang kajian. Penelitian dilakukan pada beberapa lokasi yang mewakili sebaran populasi owa jawa di TNGP berdasarkan resort dan zonasi (inti dan pemanfaatan). Informasi sebaran owa jawa diperoleh dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu, informasi petugas lapangan TNGP, serta informasi dari masyarakat.