Pemanfaatan Steroid Asal Jeroan Teripang Sebagai Bahan Aktif dalam Sex Reversal pada Ikan Gapi
Abstract
Sea cucumber is one of marine species which has high economic values. So far, sea cucumber muscles have been consumed as a high protein source, whereas visceral organs still become wastes. Some researchers have found bioactive compounds in sea cucumber which are potential e.g. antibacterial, antifungal and high steroid hormone substance. Besides as approdisiach, steroid hormone can be used for hormonal sex reversal in aquaculture. This research was conducted to utilize steroid extract from sea cucumber visceral organs for sex reversal in the Guppy and find effective doses. Extraction of steroid from sea cucumber visceral organs was done by percolation technique. The existence of steroid was identified by Lieberman Burchard reagent while it’s concentration is analyzed by HPLC. Steroid extract for sex reversal was assayed to mature brood female Guppy in two techniques; orally technique which doses were 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg feed and dipping technique which doses were 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg/l. Both of them were compared with synthetic hormone as positive control. Data were then analyzed by ANOVA and T test. Crude extract obtained from extraction was 86.384 g from 2.5 kg raw material, steroid extract was 0.762 g, and testosterone concentration was 0.527 μg/mg extract. In orally technique, the highest result was showed by treatment with dose 600 mg/kg where percentage of male was 61.11±9.62%, the number of offspring was 40±28, and survival rate was 99.05±1.65%. In dipping technique, the highest number of offspring was 37±16, showed by treatment with dose 1 mg/l. Treatment with 17 - methyltestosterone concludes that percentage of male was higher than treatment with natural steroid hormone. But, on the other hand, this synthetic hormone can have negative effects by causing fish embryo and fry died so that the number of offspring will be dropped off.