Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Temu Putih terhadap Larva Udang dan Embrio Ikan Zebra

Abstract

Curcuma zedoaria, known as temu putih, is commonly used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. The toxicity of this herb needs to be studied to improve its application. This research aims to evaluate the toxicity of the crude ethanol extract of temu putih rhizome against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and to analyze the suspected active compounds contained in the extract. The crude ethanol extract showed 50% lethal concentration value (LC50) at 588 ppm against brine shrimp larvae and 215 ppm against zebrafish embryos. In zebrafish embryos, exposure of the crude ethanol extract has caused major malformation in development of head, namely brain and eyes organs. Based on the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the suspected active compound that play a role in the toxicity are epicurzerenone, curzerene, and curzerenone, which 2,4,6-trimethylacetophenone as the predominant compound.