Evaluasi dampak ekonomi dan sosial dari instalasi pengolahan sampah organik (ipso) di pasar cisarua, kabupaten bogor

Abstract

Pengelolaan sampah dari segi ekonomi merupakan konsep pengelolaan sampah dengan menggunakan konsep zero waste (reduce, reuse, dan recycle). IPSO Pasar Cisarua merupakan salah satu pasar di kabupaten Bogor yang menerapkan sistem ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem pengelolaan sampah organik yang berdasarkan biaya dan manfaatnya. Proses pembuatan kompos melalui 7 proses, yaitu penyimpanan sampah, pemilahan, pencacahan, penimbangan, fermentasi, pengayakan, dan pengemasan. Identifikasi biaya proyek terdiri dari biaya investasi, biaya operasional,dan biaya tetap. Manfaat tidak langsung juga diperhitungkan dalam penelitian, seperti nilai kenyamanan dengan analisis Willingness to Pay (WTP), Cost of Illness dan pengurangan biaya tranportasi pengangkutan sampah pasar Cisarua. Kriteria kelayakan investasi proyek IPSO secara finansial diantaranya NPV sebesar Rp 58.443.126, Net B/C 1,2 dan IRR 27 %. Secara ekonomi dihasilkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp 331.428.958, Net B/C 2,11, dan IRR 53%. Dapat dikatakan IPSO layak dijalankan secara finansial maupun ekonomi. Pengukuran sejauh mana IPSO masih memenuhi tingkat diterimanya sebuah proyek menggunakan alat analisis switching value, dengan melakukan penurunan jumlah harga output sebesar 12% (finansial) dan 71% (ekonomi). Peningkatan suku bunga dilakukan hingga sebesar 26,94% (finansial) dan 51,94% (ekonomi). Evaluasi dampak sosial terhadap masyarakat Desa Citeko RT 15/RW 15 dari beroperasinya IPSO Pasar Cisarua dianalisis secara deskriptif. Terdapat dampak positif berupa penyerapan tenaga kerja, serta dalam hal perbaikan kebersihan lingkungan dan pelayanan sampah di Kabupaten Bogor. Dampak negatif yang dirasakan masyarakat tersebut berupa bau yang tidak sedap dan suara bising dari mesin ketika dioperasikan.

Waste management can be defined as a masterplan of zero-waste concept, which includes activities such as reuse, reduce, and recycle. Cisarua market is one of traditional market in Bogor which has implemented this type of waste management using IPSO system. This research aims to understand the business opportunities in organic waste management. The result of observation showed that there are seven steps of composting process: soil filling, waste sorting, waste balancing, fermentation, siftering, and packaging. Project cost includes investation cost, operational cost, and fixed cost. Intangible benefits also has been calculated in this research, such as avoided transportation cost,Cost of Illness and value of public comfortness analyzed by willingness to pay. The final ouput of the project feasibility criteria using financial assessment are NPV USD58,443,126,Net B/C 1.20, and IRR 27 %. The final output using economic assessment are NPV USD331,428,958, Net B/C 2.11, and IRR 53%. It could be claimed that IPSO project in Cisarua market is financially and economically feasible. According to switching value analysis,when the output price decreases about 12% and discount rate changes about 26.94% using financial assessment as well as 71% of output price decreases and 51.94% discount rate changes using economic assessment, the output showed that this project is still feasible. Furthermore, descriptive analysis were used to evaluate the social impact to the local citizen of Citeko Village RT 15/RW 15 about IPSO operation in Cisarua market. It showed that there are positive social impacts such as labor absorption, environment awareness, and waste management services as well as the negative impacts such as nasty stench and disturbing noise from the composting machine.