| dc.description.abstract | Palm oil is one of prime plants and it has strategic role in Indonesia economy in the past, present, and future. In addition to being one of national income sources, palm oil also becomes living making of many people in Indonesia. Currently, Indonesia is the biggest palm oil producing country in the world. Palm oil in Lampung province is also an important plantation commodity. There were 13 palm oil mill units operating in Lampung. Strategies of palm oil industry development were directed to plantation corporations in public scales. The reason wass the limited plantation fields compared to high public interests to make palm oil plantation investments. Processing of palm oil fresh fruit bunches into crude palm oil (CPO) results in a lot of palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME has high values of BOD and COD, suspended solid and total solid content that result in negative effects for the environment. POME in Indonesia has been processed in a relatively simple procedure so that POME produces foul odor and methane gas emission. Methane gas emission is one of greenhouse gasses contributing to global warming with 20-30 folds stronger effect than carbon dioxide gas. United States government even stated that Indonesia palm oil derivative products were environmentally unfriendly considering facts that Indonesia only had 5.5% POME processing system to capture methane gas. On the other hand, methane gas is a biogas being able to use a source of renewable energy production. The objectives of this research were (1) to obtain initial descriptions of POME processing problems; (2) to evaluate contents of POME processing technologies; (3) to determine the best temperature conditions of technology processing POME according to necessities; and (4) to formulate proper strategies in implementing POME processing for electric energy in Lampung province. This research used quantitative and qualitative approaches with primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from field observations, measurements in the laboratory, direct interviews with respondents, and brainstorming. Secondary data were obtained from literary study, scientific journals, technical reports from related institutions, and research institutions. Identification and characterization of POME handling problems used descriptive method. The analysis of POME handling technology contents used THIO method. The strategy formulation used SWOT and AHP methods. The alternative technology development for POME processing was conducted with biogas production process optimization research which was analyzed with descriptive and quantitative methods. The results showed that there were 13 units of palm oil mills in Lampung province with total capacity of 622 tons/hour. The utility efficiency was about 45% with a main problem of limited raw material availability. In 2011, the POME potential produced by palm oil mills in Lampung province reached 1,286,595 m3 with average COD value above 40,000 mg/L. All palm oil mills in Lampung province had POME processing units as required by the government. POME fermentation at 55oC, 45oC, and 27-28oC required respectively 42 days to reduce COD 86.86%, 57 days to reduce COD 84.31%, and 196 days to reduce COD 57.25%. Methane productivity of POME fermentation at 55oC, 45oC, and 27-28oC are respectively 0.28 m3, 0.25 m3, and 0.19 m3 for each kilogram Penyisihan COD. POME fermentation at 55oC, 45oC, and 27-28oC were respectively able to produce biogas with highest content of methane of 65.44%, 62.57%, and 59.15%. CSTR technology application at fermentation in 55oC during 42 days is potential to produce 5.29 MWh electric energy and reduce 203,584 ton of CO2e GHG emission. The technological contents in handling POME in Lampung province were almost the same from government owned corporations (BUMN), go-public private corporations, and non-go-public private corporations. The technology contribution coefficient (TOC) value of PTPN V Tandun was higher than the same TOC of palm oil mills in Lampung province. The improvement of technoware, humanware, infoware, and orgaware were absolutely required by palm oil mills in Lampung province to be able to apply methane gas catching technology conversion into electric energy. Strategies that become main priorities in implementing POME use into electric energy were (1) making regulations that require all palm oil mills to use electric energy coming from POME biogas; (2) encouraging infrastructure improvements that support biomass business based on palm oil, and (3) making accommodative conducting guidance about selling of palm oil based electric energy to PT PLN (Company Limited). Considering the research results, some suggestions were drawn as follows (1) Government regulations about palm oil mill buildings that do not own their own palm oil plantation are required. (2) Government regulations about greenhouse emission maximum threshold coming from palm oil mill units are required. (3) A more detail conducting guidance on Regulation of Ministry of Natural and Mineral Resource Number 4 in 2012 is required. (4) a wider socialization about incentives granted by governments to business institution or individual who process industrial waste into electric energy needs to be done continually and comprehensively. The research results need further researches on (1) the partnership models in using electric energy from POME for public around the palm oil mills; (2) the use of liquid waste and sludge as results of POME processing into electric energy; and (3) the termophylic temperature application at biogas production process with a continuing | en |
