Political Ecology of Mining in Baubau South East Sulawesi province.

Abstract

In 2007 the government of Baubau gave mining rights permission to the corporation to conduct exploration activities. It was marked by the mayor's decree of Baubau No. 5451/6211/EUD/2007 about empowerment mining exploration rights of PT Bumi Inti Sulawesi (PT BIS) in Sorawolio District. The exploration and exploitation activities of the nickel mine became a trigger of the mining conflict in Baubau. This research used a qualitative approach in which facts were constructed based on the subjects studied by using the critical paradigm and constructivism. These results indicated that the map control of natural resources in Baubau, traditionally (the sultanate era, 1511-1960) for Turakia land; allocated as residential, ome land; allocated for plantation, katampai land; allocated for plantations and forests and kaombo land its use as a forest which was not allowed to be used except for the common good. The mastery of the four land classifications were as common property except katampai land as private property (owned by Wa Ode Wau for the study area). In the Suharto era there was a change (via the legitimacy of positive law) and in the era of regional autonomy changed the allocation of residential space, the garden became mine (mine roads and special terminals), its control changed from private property to private ownership. While the use of a limited production forest in the Soeharto era in part allocated to mine and its governance be private ownership. The actors involved in the use and control of natural resources in the Baubau of the Sultanate, the Central Government, the Government of the province of South East Sulawesi town of Baubau, Governments, Regional House of representatives (DPRD) Of Baubau, apparatus of State security and public order, private parties (PT BIS), society Of Baubau, students and NGOs. Bundle of power occurred which formed an alliance between Government, DPRD Baubau Town and PT BIS, then the Alliance between the community pro mines, mining and PT pro student BUS as well as the Community Alliance counter mine counter mine, students and NGOs. The main cause of occurrence of conflicts of mining in the town of Baubau, namely when the Government town of Baubau give licences (IUP) exploration (formerly mining exploration of the power of permission) to PT buses. The granting of such permission policy controversy about the onset of childbirth RTRW, permit loan limited production forest area usage, environmental permits and building permits. The result of the policy changes the use and control of natural resources in the city of Baubau and environmental pollution. While the form of showdown that occurred as a result of the granting of such permits is the action demonstration and press statement on the stages of the crisis, a conflict that is the destruction of homes and of terror.