Determinants Factors of Stunting Among Children 0-59 Month in Indonesia.

Abstract

Stunting is still remains a global problem. The data of WHO showed that the prevalence of stunting among children under five is 32% in developing countries, in East Africa is 50%, in Central Africa is 42% and the prevalence of stunting in Asia is 31.3% (Black et al. 2008). Based on the results of Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Basic Health Research), prevalence of stunting in 2010 has been decreased from 2007 (36.8%) to 2010 (35.6%) (Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia 2010). Indonesia is also known as the country with the number of children under five short height (stunted) and Indonesia become a fifth country that have children stunted in the world after India, China, Nigeria, and Pakistan (UNICEF 2008). WHO (1997) stunting in children under five is still one of serious problem in Indonesia and is still relatively small decline and the prevalence rate is still above the set threshold (20%). The objective of this study is to analyze determinant factors of stunting in children 0-59 month in Indonesia. For this purpose permitted e-files data of the Riskesdas 2010 (a basic health survey 2010) were used. The data were processed using Microsoft Office Excel, SPSS and WHO AnthroPlus.This study used 11 240 subjects, consisted of 50.5% girls and 49.5% boys. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the determinant factors of stunting among these children 0-59 month were age 12-23 month, 24-35 month, 36-47 month, 48-59 month, low birth weight (≤2500 g), weight for age z score <-2 SD (underweight), mother’s height less than 155 cm, mother's occupation farmer/fisherman/laborer/not working a protective factors, low father's education, low family economic status, low nutritional quality of food, low iron adequacy and low environmental sanitation. Determinant factors of stunting among children 24-59 month were low birth weight, weight for age z score <-2 SD (underweight), mother’s height less than 155 cm, low father's education, low family economic status, low nutritional quality of food, low iron adequacy and low environmental sanitation. Determinant factors of stunting among these children <24 month were age 12-23 month, low birth weight (≤2500 g), weight for age z score <-2 SD (underweight), mother’s height less than 155 cm, low family economic status, low iron adequacy. The most dominant determinant of stunting was weight for age (z score <-2 SD) with Odds Ratio (OR=3.96, 95% CI=3.17-4.95) for children 0-59 month, (OR=4.66, 95% CI=3.44-6.38) for 24-59 month and (OR=3.13, 95% CI=2.25- 4.36) for <24 month. These implied that nutritional health status of the pregnant women, quality of the children diet, and socio-economic factors of the family need to be considered in preventing stunting.