Studi Keragaman Genetik Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) Berdasarkan Cytochrome Oxydase Subunit I (COI)

Abstract

Blood Cockle (Anadara granosa, Linneaus 1758) is a cosmopolitan bivalve inhabiting intertidal zone with sandy mud sediment. As a filter feeding organism, the blood cockle uptakes both organic and inorganis materials, including heavy metals. Heavy metal may cause genetic changes; consequently, those give rise to genetic diversity. This research is aimed at analyzing genetic variations based on Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene in blood cockle (A. granosa) from Banten coastal waters. DNA extraction procedure used CTAB (Chloroform Isoamil Alkohol) methods, followed by amplification using specific primers and sequencing. Sequencing product of A. granosa samples was 606 bp. A. granosa and other bivalve COI gene sequences were aligned. Bivalves from Family Arcidae such as Tegillarca granosa, Anadara diluvii, Anadara crebricosata, Anadara vellicata, Anadara sativa, Anadara pilula, Diluvarca ferruginea and Scapharca globosa were used as ingroup, while others such as Cucullaea labiata, Didimacar tenebrica, and Glycymeris rotunda were treated as outgroup. Those groups were acquired from GenBank. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 4 (MEGA 4.0) program was applied for alignment procedure. Phylogenetic tree showed a distict cluster between ingroup (A. granosa, T. granosa, A. diluvii, A. crebricosata, A. vellicata, A. sativa, A. pilula, D. ferruginea, S. globosa) and outgroup (C. labiata, D. tenebrica, G. rotunda). There were 17 diagnostic nucleotide characterized A. granosa.