Synthesis and Characterization of Glucosamine Hydrochloride Derived from Chitosan

Abstract

Glucosamine hydrochloride salt is one of the amino sugars that has therapeutic properties such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and as raw material for arthritis drug. Objective of this study is to synthesize glucosamine hydrochloride in optimum condition and to characterize the product. Glucosamine hydrochloride was synthesized by reacting chitosan with 4 N HCl at 90 °C for 2 hours. The product was tested for its melting point, thin layer chromatogram (TLC), functional group analysis by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), crystal analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the crystal surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The yield was 88% in the form of white crystal with high levels of 112.8% and purity of 86.7%. The melting point was 188-190 °C. FTIR results show absorption bands of glucosamine hydrochloride. XRD results showed that crystals has low crystallinity and SEM images showed that the surface morphology was rather rough and porous. Based on these results the synthesized glucosamine hydrochloride was not pure and less crystallinity. Therefore, it needs purification and recrystalization.