Perakitan klon bawang merah hasil tinggi dan tahan penyakit bercak ungu

Abstract

The problems of increasing shallot production include the use of low yielding, as well as pest and disease susceptible varieties. Purple blotch disease is one of shallot diseases that may cause up to 100% yield loss. Breeding of shallot has been hindered by narrow genetic variation among parental genotypes. Therefore, it is inevitable to explore novel sources of genetic variation that can be used to develop high yielding and purple blotch disease resistant shallot varieties. Effort to increase genetic variability can be done through crossing and mutation. The objectives of this study were: (1) to obtain shallot genotypes that high yielding and resistant to purple blotch disease, (2) to know the morphological and physiological characteristics of high yielding shallot for selection, (3) to determine general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis of some shallot genotypes, (4) to study the genetic variability of the genotypes resulted from the crossing, (5) to evaluate the resistance of the genotypes to purple blotch disease, as well as their anthocyanin contents. The result showed that: (1) three mutants (G2-06-1, G3-06-2, and G2-01-2) were observed to be high yielding and resistant to purple blotch disease, (2) high yielding shallot genotypes had a rapid growth, moderate bulb and bulblets number, greater leaf diameter, and greater bulb productivity per hill, (3) high yielding genotypes were characterized by greater root growth was observed and for the upper biomass was observed compared to the low yielding genotypes, (4) shallot genotypes that have a high GCA are: Tiron and Timor, (5) shallot genotypes from crosses of SCA and heterosis effect are high between the Kuning/Tiron, Timor/Bima Juna, Tiron/Timor and Kuning/Sibolangit, (6) that based on RAPD marker, the mutants could be grouped into three class, and (7) anthocyanin content of purple blotch resistance mutant was higher than the susceptible one.