Kajian mekanisme antihiperglikemik campuran ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit kayu manis yang berpotensi sebagai minuman fungsional

Abstract

Piper crocatum, one of Indonesia’s medicinal plants, has antihyperglycemic activity despite its bitter taste. Considering that Indonesia was the 4th largest country whose population suffered from diabetes mellitus with a prevalence of 8.6% of the total population in 2005, the necessity to increase the potency of red piper betel is of great importance. This can be done by producing it as functional drink. For this reason, this research aimed to determine : (1) the formulation of a mixture of water extract of P. crocatum leaves and C. burmannii bark which have antioxidative activities by measuring their superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme, and anti-hyperglycemic activity in vitro by measuring their a-glucosidase activity; (2) the evaluation of sub acute toxicity study on the selected formula using male and female Sprague dawley rats; (3) the functional effect of the chosen formula, especially its anti-hyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetics rats. P. crocatum leaves and C. burmannii bark powder were boiled in water separately for 15 minutes, and filtered. The filtrate was used in the formulation of mixing water extract of P.crocatum leaves and C. burmannii bark in a ratio of (5:0); (5:1); (5:3); (5:5); and (0:5). Each of this formula was then added with stevia (sweeteners) of 0.67% (v/v). In the evaluation of the sub acute toxicity, the chosen formula was administered orally into 4 groups of Sprague dawley rats with different doses (0, 630, 1260, 1890 mg/kg bw) for 28 days. In anti-hyperglycemic activity study, streptozotocin induced diabetics rats (50 mg/kg bw) were administered orally by a dosage of (0; 630; 1260 and 1890 mg/kg bw) for 14 days. During the treatment period, blood glucose level was recorded at 5 day-intervals, and at the end of treatment the rats were killed by chemical anesthesia. The blood was taken for further analysis, such as blood serum glucose, blood serum lipid, insulin, and red blood cell SOD; and catalase activities were also studied. The results showed that the formula with the ratio (5:3) was the chosen formula with the following characteristic parameters: activity of SOD at 3.32 ± 0.08 U/ml, catalase activity 0.18 ± 0.02 U/ml, and a- glucosidase inhibitor activity 61.00 ± 2.55%, and total phenolic compounds 1067.65 ± 0.90 ppm. In the sub acute toxicity, there were no significant differences in the body weight, food intake, hematological analysis, blood chemistry analysis (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, SGPT, and SGOT), organ weights, and histopathological analysis among the control groups and treated animals. In vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity showed that 14 days of daily treatment of 1260 mg/kg bw dose of functional drink significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose level (51%), and increased the amount of ß cell, Langerhans island of pancreas organ, and red blood cell SOD activity. There was no significant (p<0.05) increase in blood serum insulin level and catalase activity. In addition, extract mixtures of the chosen formula could prevent blood serum lipid level of diabetic rats from increasing.