Isolation and Nanoencapsulation of Carotenoids from Palm Pressed Fiber Waste
Isolasi dan Nanoenkapsulasi Karotenoid Limbah Serat Buah Kelapa Sawit
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Date
2012Author
Kembaren, Riahna br
Ambarsari, Laksmi
Artika, I Made
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Indonesia produces palm pressed fiber waste in large quantities. Utilization of palm pressed fiber waste as a source of carotenoids can increase the economic value. Carotenoids are easily damaged if exposed to high temperatures and light intensity. One effort that can be done to maintain carotenoids is nanoencapsulation using chitosan as a coating agent. The purpose of this study was to isolate carotenoids from palm pressed fiber waste and nanoencapsulate carotenoids using chitosan as a coating agent. Carotenoids were extracted using hexane-acetone solvent (10:1 v/v). Crude extract was purified by using column chromatography adsorption and the concentration of carotenoids was determined by using HPLC. The best fraction of extract was subjected to solvent removal by using evaporator and nitrogen gas exhaled. Nanoencapsulation process was carried out by using ultrasonicator with 30% amplitude for 60 and 90 minutes. The size of nanoencapsule was characterized by using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The smaller size of nanoencapsule was determined by efficiency of nanoencapsulation and using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the crude extract from palm pressed fiber waste contained beta-carotene as much as 1080.3 ppm. Fraction II as the best fraction contained 3651.3 ppm of beta-carotene, yield 0.46% (w / v). Nanoencapsulation of carotenoids for 60 minutes produced the smaller size distribution 131-446.5 nm and for 90 minutes sized 491.9-1796.2 nm. Results of determined nanoencapsulation efficiency was 76%. Based on the results obtained by FTIR that carotenoids fraction II was coated by chitosan. XRD results showed that carotenoids nanoencapsule has semi-cristalline structure with 50% of crystallinity degree. Indonesia menghasilkan limbah serat buah kelapa sawit dalam jumlah besar. Pemanfaatan limbah tersebut sebagai sumber karotenoid dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi. Karotenoid mudah rusak jika terpapar suhu dan intensitas cahaya yang tinggi. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan karotenoid adalah nanoenkapsulasi dengan penyalut kitosan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi karotenoid dari limbah serat buah kelapa sawit dan membuat nanopartikel karotenoid tersalut kitosan. Karotenoid diekstrak menggunakan pelarut heksana-aseton (10:1 v/v). Ekstrak kasar dimurnikan menggunakan kromatografi kolom adsorpsi. Penentuan konsentrasi karotenoid menggunakan HPLC. Fraksi II diuapkan pelarutnya dengan evaporator dan dihembuskan gas nitrogen. Proses nanoenkapsulasi menggunakan ultrasonikator dengan amplitudo 30% selama 60 dan 90 menit. Karakterisasi hasil nanoenkapsul dilakukan menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Hasil nanoekapsulasi dengan ukuran terkecil dilakukan penentuan efisiensi nanoenkapsulasi dan karakterisasi menggunakan Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) dan difraksi sinar-X (XRD). Hasil penelitian diperoleh ekstrak kasar mengandung beta-karoten sebanyak 1080.3 ppm. Fraksi II mengandung beta-karoten sebesar 3651.3 ppm dengan rendemen 0.46% b/v. Nanoenkapsulasi karotenoid selama 60 menit menghasilkan distribusi ukuran yang lebih kecil yaitu 131-446.5 nm dan selama 90 menit berukuran 491.9-1796.2 nm. Hasil penentuan efisiensi nanoenkapsulasi diperoleh efisiensi sebesar 76%. Hasil analisis dengan FTIR diperoleh karotenoid sudah tersalut oleh kitosan. Hasil analisis dengan XRD menunjukkan nanoenkapsul karotenoid berstruktur semi kristalin dengan derajat kristalinitas 50%.
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