Sintesis dan Pencirian Surfaktan Nonionik Berbasis Poliol dari Onggok dan Asam Oleat

Abstract

Processing of cassava into tapioca starch produces onggok that can be liquefied to produce polyols. The esterification of liquefied products with oleic acid produced esters that can be used as surfactant. Polyol was prepared using sulfuric acid as as the catalyst and ethylene glycol as the solvent. Esterification of polyol and oleic acid was catalyzed by anhydrous FeCl3 microwave with the ratio of polyol to oleic acid of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 (w/w). Surfactant characterization involved pH, viscosity, saponification number, acid number, surface tension, HLB value, emulsification, functional groups analysis (FTIR), and component profile (HPLC). Preparation of polyols yield 87%. IR absorption intensity of polyol at wavenumber 3750-3000 cm-1 was higher than IR absorption of onggok. Esterification of polyol-oleic acid with different weight ratios succesfully done as proved by absorption of C=O groups at wavenumber 1735 cm-1 in IR spectra. Based on the HLB value, the type of surfactant were 1P:1O (HLB 11:52) O/W type, 1P:2O (HLB 2.20) W/O type and 2P:1O (HLB