Struktur komunitas parasitoid hymenoptera di perkebunan kelapa sawit, desa pandu senjaya, kecamatan Pangkalan Lada, Kalimantan Tengah

Abstract

The focus of this research was to understanding the community pattern of lepidopteran pests in oil palm plantation, based on effects of oil palm age gradient and the present of the flowering plant Turnera subulata J.E.Smith (Parietales: Turneraceae) on hymenopteran parasitoid community. This research was conducted in Central Kalimantan between September 2011 and June 2012. In total, as much as 17 species of lepidopteran pests were identified to infest oil palm by surveying 976 trees from three different ages of oil palm plantations. Limacodidae was found to be the most specious and abundant family inhabiting oil palm plantations in the study area. Setora nitens Walker (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) was recorded to be the most abundant species. Abundance structure of lepidopteran pests seems to be different for different ages of oil palm. S. nitens was found to be dominant in less than three years old oil palms and bagworm was dominant in six years old oil palms. Only five pests species were parasitized by parasitoids including Birthamula chara Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), Darna diducta Snellen (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), Darna trima Moore (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), Darna bradleyi Holloway (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) and ulat bulu-3 (Lepidoptera: Limantriidae). Parasitizing parasitoids were Braconidae-y (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Euplectrus sp (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Tachinidae-1 (Diptera:Tachinidae). For hymenopteran parasitoid community, in total, there were 7,675 specimens belonging to 204 morphospecies. Brachymeria lasus Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and Brachymeria sp (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) were recorded to be the most dominant species inhabiting oil palm plantations. Flowers of T. subulata only support a certain number of species of hymenopteran parasitoid. Species richness was not different between hymenopteran parasitoids visiting flowers of T. subulata and inhabiting inside oil palm plantations, however species composition show different pattern. Oil palm age has an effect on species richness, abundance, and species composition of hymenopteran parasitoid in an oil palm plantation. In general, younger oil palm plantations seem to support higher number of species and individual of hymenopteran parasitoids than older oil palm plantations.