Korelasi Kadar Seskuiterpena dengan Mutu Gaharu Standar Nasional Indonesia

Abstract

Sesquiterpene content of agarwoods (Aquilaria malaccensis) of 3 different commercial grades, namely kemedangan, super tanggung A and, super A, representing low to high grades, has been identified. However, parameters designated in Indonesia National Standard (SNI) are merely qualitative, based on some physical properties of this commodity. The purpose of this study was to obtain quantitative chemical parameters in order to complement the existing parameters of SNI. In the identification step, agarwood samples were extracted using 2 different solvents, i.e. ethyl acetate and acetone. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer analyses indicated that sesquiterpenes were present in all agarwood grades. Resin contents in acetone extract for kemedangan, super tanggung A, and super A were 8.5%, 13.3%, and 19.9%, respectively. Sesquiterpene content of acetone extract for kemedangan, super tanggung A, and super A were 6.1%, 7.1%, and 11.9%, respectively, and for ethyl acetate extract were 5.4%, 9.6%, and 13.4%. Resin and sesquiterpene content in acetone extracts consistently increased corresponding to the quality of commercial gaharu. A marker compound obtained in all the quality of agarwoods and agarwood extract was aromadendrene. Aromadendrene content in acetone extract from the lowest to the highest grades of commercial agarwoods were 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2.2%, respectively.