Keefektifan padi transgenik yang mengandung gen cry untuk pengelolaan hama penggerek batang padi kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (walker) (Lepidoptera: pyralidae)
The effectiveness of transgenic rice containing cry gene to control the rice yellow stemborer Scirpophaga incertulas (walker) (Lepidoptera: pyralidae)
Date
2010Author
N. Usyati
Buchori, Damayanti
Manuwoto, Syafrida
Hidayat, Purnama
Loedin, Inez Hortense Slamet Loedin
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Rice stemborer is one of the major pests on rice plant in Indonesia. Transgenic rice plant that is resistant to rice stemborer is an alternative to control this pest. However, uses of transgenic crops has raised debate about their potential impact on the environment, such as on natural enemies. This situation rendez the importance doing a research assessment of transgenic rice to environment and natural enemies. The researches were conducted with the purpose: (1) to study the effectiveness of transgenic Rojolele rice to the rice yellow stemborer Scirpophaga incertulas; (2) to study larvae development and survival of insect predator Verania lineata in transgenic Rojolele rice; (3) to study nontarget impact of transgenic Rojolele rice. These studies were conducted at Indonesian Institute of Science, Cibinong-Bogor and at Indonesian Centre for Rice Research, Subang-West Java from November 2007–October 2009. The result showed that protoxin in transgenic Rojolele rice (trans Rjl) were highly effective in increasing the mortality of S. incertulas larvae and had high resistance compared to non transgenic rice varieties. There were differences of effectiveness and resistance value among protoxin in trans Rjl lines. Protoxin in trans Rjl T9-6.11-420 line was the highest (94% mortality; 0 scale) followed by 4.2.4-21-8-16-4 line (89% mortality; 1 scale), 3R7-8-15-2-7 line (78% mortality; 1 scale), 4.2.3-28-15-2-7 line (74.5% mortality; 3 scale), 3R9-8-28-26-2 line (73.5% mortality; 3 scale), and DTcry-13 line (69.5% mortality; 7 scale). DTcry (Azygous) line (45% mortality; 9 scale) was susceptible. Protoxin in trans Rjl were effective in increasing the mortality of S. incertulas larvae, but its effectiveness declined gradually along the development of larvae growth. Protoxin in trans Rjl T9-6.11-420 line effective to suppress S. incertulas infestation in the field. At the vegetative stage, protoxin in trans Rjl T9-6.11-420 line could suppress S. incertulas infestation about 3-4 fold and at the generative stage about 5-57 fold compared to non insecticide treatment. The yield of trans Rjl T9-6.11-420 line was the lowest, i.e. it was only 1/7 than Rojolele. There were differences of larvae development and survival of insect predator V. lineata among trans Rjl lines. In trans Rjl T9-6.11-420 line and DTcry-13 line, life time, developmental stage, the number eclosion of adult female, adult weight, and survival of preimaginal and adult of insect predator V. lineata were consistantly low. In trans Rjl 4.2.3-28-15-2-7 line, 3R9-8-28-26-2 line, and 3R7-8-15-2-7 line had no consistant effect on larvae development and survival of insect predator V. lineata. DTcry (Azygous) line had no effect on larvae development and survival of insect predator V. lineata. Whereas trans Rjl 4.2.4-21-8-16-4 line had one effect in decreasing of adult weight of insect predator V. lineata. Based on method in this research, effect of protoxin in trans Rjl T9-6.11-420 line on nontarget pests and natural enemies in the field can not be concluded. " Penggerek batang padi merupakan salah satu hama utama pada pertanaman padi di Indonesia. Tanaman padi transgenik tahan penggerek batang padi adalah salah satu cara alternatif untuk mengendalikan hama ini. Namun demikian tanaman transgenik ini masih diperdebatkan terutama mengenai potensi pengaruhnya terhadap lingkungan, diantaranya terhadap musuh alami. Penelitian dengan tujuan: (1) mempelajari tingkat keefektifan padi Rojolele transgenik terhadap hama penggerek batang padi kuning Scirpophaga incertulas; (2) mempelajari perkembangan pradewasa dan kemampuan hidup predator Verania lineata pada padi Rojolele transgenik; (3) mempelajari populasi serangga nontarget pada pertanaman padi Rojolele transgenik telah dilakukan pada November 2007-Oktober 2009. Penelitian ini di lakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Biologi Molekuler Tanaman, Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi-LIPI, Cibinong-Bogor serta di Kebun Percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Pusakanegara, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Penelitian keefektifan padi Rojolele transgenik terhadap hama penggerek batang padi kuning S. incertulas dilakukan dalam 3 tahap, yaitu tahap in vitro, in planta, dan lapangan terbatas. Materi penelitian yang digunakan terdiri atas 6 galur padi Rojolele transgenik, yaitu galur 4.2.3-28-15-2-7 dan 4.2.4-21-8-16-4 yang mengandung fusi dua gen cry (cryIB-cryIAa), galur 3R9-8-28-26-2 dan 3R7-8-15-2-7 yang mengandung gen mpi::cryIB, galur T9-6.11-420 yang mengandung gen cryIAb melalui teknik penembakan, galur DTcry (Azygous) yaitu segregan yang mengalami proses kultur jaringan dan tidak mengandung gen cry (null), dan galur DTcry-13 yang mengandung gen cryIAb melalui Agrobacterium, serta tanaman padi bukan transgenik yang meliputi varietas Rojolele, Cilosari, dan Ciherang.
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