: Studi Anatomi dan Struktur Sekretori Tanaman Kantong Semar (Nepenthes spp.)

Abstract

Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) is a dicot plant that had a special organ which is pouch. Information about the anatomy of Nepenthes was lacked.Therefore, it is necessary to observe anatomy of the organs of Nepenthes. Nepenthes which was observed from Bangka Island (N. hookeriana, N. gracilis, and N. rafflesiana a and b) and from Wana Wisata Cangkuang, Sukabumi (N. gymnamphora). N. rafflesiana a and b were collection of one plant. Observation of the anatomical structure of Nepenthes’ organs was conducted by microscopical preparations. The results showed that stomata were found on the abaxial side of leaves and outerside of pouch on all species, outer wings on N. hookeriana, N. gymnamphora, and N. rafflesiana b, inner wings on N. rafflesiana a, as well as in adaxial and abaxial of lid’s pouch on N. hookeriana and N. rafflesiana a and b. The highest stomatal density was found on the abaxial side in N. gymnamphora. Pouch of Nepenthes had two types of glands such as digestive gland on digestive zone’s pouch and nectar glands on the lid. In addition, on the outer pouch, leaves and tendrils had glandular trichomes. Wing part on the pouch had glandular and non glandular trichomes. Leaf mesophyl was differentiated into palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma and was found in N. hookeriana, and N. rafflesiana a and b, whereas two other collections were not differentiated. The roots and stems of Nepenthes spp. had anatomical features of dicot plant. There was an anomaly stem structure, namely a vessels were found outside the main vessel with amfivasal type

Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) merupakan tumbuhan dikotil yang mempunyai organ khusus berupa kantong. Informasi tentang anatomi dari Nepenthes masih sangat sedikit. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengamatan anatomi pada organ-organ Nepenthes. Nepenthes yang diteliti berasal dari Pulau Bangka (N. hookeriana, N. gracilis, serta N. rafflesiana a dan b) dan dari Wana Wisata Cangkuang, Sukabumi (N. gymnamphora). N. rafflesiana a dan b merupakan satu tanaman. Pengamatan struktur anatomi organ Nepenthes dilakukan dengan membuat sediaan mikroskopis. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa stomata ditemukan di sisi abaksial daun dan kantong sisi luar pada keempat spesies, sayap luar pada N. hookeriana, N. gymnamphora, dan N. rafflesiana b, sayap dalam pada N. rafflesiana a, serta di sisi adaksial dan abaksial tutup kantong pada N. hookeriana serta N. rafflesiana a dan b. Kerapatan stomata tertinggi ditemukan di sisi abaksial daun N. gymnamphora. Kantong Nepenthes memiliki 2 jenis kelenjar, yaitu kelenjar pencerna pada kantong bagian digestive zone dan kelenjar nektar pada tutupnya. Selain itu, pada bagian kantong luar, daun, dan sulur terdapat trikoma kelenjar. Bagian sayap kantong terdapat trikoma kelenjar dan non-kelenjar. Mesofil daun yang terdiferensiasi menjadi parenkima palisade dan parenkima bunga karang ditemukan pada N. hookeriana, serta N. rafflesiana a dan b, sedangkan kedua koleksi lain tidak terdiferensiasi. Akar dan batang Nepenthes spp. memiliki ciri anatomi tanaman dikotil. Terdapat struktur batang yang anomali, yaitu ditemukan berkas pembuluh di luar berkas pembuluh utama dengan tipe amfivasal.