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Autopoietic concept on ergonomics of worksystem (case study : sugar cane industry)

dc.contributor.advisorPramudya, Bambang
dc.contributor.advisorHerodian, Sam
dc.contributor.advisorSyuaib, M. Faiz
dc.contributor.authorWidodo, Lamto
dc.date.accessioned2012-04-16T03:02:28Z
dc.date.available2012-04-16T03:02:28Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/54205
dc.description.abstractSugar factory is one of industry that involves multiple parties as stakeholders. The design of work system should consider all interests, to ensure the sustainability of the system itself. Optimum conditions can be achieved by designing work system based on ergonomic considerations. In the concept of ergonomic, human beings are positioned as the center of the design process. Humans have the capacity and limitations and should be considered since the beginning of the design process. This concept is known as fit the job to the man. In preliminary studies, found several phenomena that deviate from this concept. In many ways, people can improve their skills so they can adapt to the workload and working environment. This study combines deductive and inductive methods, combined with some relevant philosophical outlook. Field research was conducted in two industries namely PG Jatitujuh Cirebon and PG Bungamayang Lampung. This study focused on the work of manual harvesting systems, transportation and milling sugarcane. The results showed that some parameters are less ergonomic working conditions, workload values are categorized between moderate to very severe, the contradiction between workload and perception of the operator and the phenomenon of adaptation of workers to harvest and transport worksytem manual. The workload of worker cutting transport was measured based on increase of the ratio of heart rate (IRHR), which compares the heart rate at work and at restRegression curve of IRHR vs experiences on morning harvesting follow the function Y= -0.105 ln(X) + 1.7484; for morning transporting Y= -0.046ln (X) + 1.7323 ; for afternoon harvesting Y= -0.063 ln(X) +1.5482, and for afternoon transporting Y= -0.044 ln(X) + 1.595. Differences of the slope of the regression curve shows that the level of adaptation required by the workers on the harvesting longer than transporting. This is due to cut sugar cane requires greater physical energy and skill. Novice workers learn to be able to cut the cane with a limit of 50-10 cm above the ground, in an upright cane conditions, collapsed or angled, even crossing each other. The results indicate that with increasing experience, response to fatigue and workload tends to decrease. This process can be explained by the concept of autopoeitic, which is each component in a system will make the process of self-organizing. This adaptation process is one of the autopoeitic mechanism. To adapt to the harvesting and transporting jobs, workers may take between 6-10 years experience.en
dc.description.abstractPabrik gula merupakan salah satu industri yang melibatkan banyak pihak sebagai stakeholder. Desain sistem kerja dalam industri harus mempertimbangkan semua kepentingan, untuk memastikan keberlanjutan dari sistem itu sendiri. Kondisi optimum dapat dicapai dengan merancang sistem kerja berdasarkan pertimbangan ergonomis. Dalam konsep ergonomis, manusia diposisikan sebagai pusat dari proses desain. Manusia memiliki kemampuan dan keterbatasan dan harus dipertimbangkan sejak awal proses desain. Konsep ini dikenal sebagai fit the job to the man (FJM). Dalam penelitian pendahuluan, ditemukan beberapa fenomena yang menyimpang dari konsep ini. Dalam berbagai hal, manusia dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan sehingga dapat beradaptasi dengan beban kerja dan lingkungan kerja. Studi ini menggabungkan metode deduktif dan induktif, dikombinasikan dengan beberapa pandangan filosofis yang relevan. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan pada dua industri gula yaitu PG Jatitujuh Cirebon dan PG Bungamayang Lampung. Penelitian difokuskan pada pekerjaan sistem tebang, angkut dan giling. Dari hasil penelitian kondisi lingkungan fisik untuk seluruh stasiun kerja, dapat disimpulkan bahwa beberapa parameter lingkungan kerja yaitu iluminasi, suhu, kelembaban, kebisingan berada di luar ambang batas yang diijinkan. Data ekstrim yang terjadi di lapang mencakup iluminasi sangat rendah 7.5 lux, suhu tertinggi mencapai 37 0C, kelembaban terendah 31.7% dan tertinggi 74.6%, serta kebisingan mencapai 97.5 dB. Kondisi paling membahayakan pada seluruh kerja adalah tingkat kebisingan yang seluruhnya di atas batas aman dengan nilai tertinggi 97,5dB. Dalam jangka panjang kondisi ini berpotensi membuat gangguan pendengaran serius bahkan dapat menyebabkan ketulian. Untuk mengurangi risiko tersebut, perusahaan sudah melakukan perbaikan dengan memberikan alat pelindung diri (APD). Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pekerja hanya mau menggunakan penutup telinga sederhana yaitu gulungan kapas kecil dan masih enggan menggunakan pelindung telinga standar yang diberikan perusahaan. Bahkan penggunaan alat sederhana tersebut hanya dipakai jika para pekerja harus melakukan pemeriksaan visual berkeliling. Pada posisi di meja kerja, mereka hampir tidak pernah menggunakan alat tersebut.id
dc.publisherIPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
dc.subjectworksystemsen
dc.subjectmanual harvestingen
dc.subjecttransportingen
dc.subjectmillingen
dc.subjectergonomicen
dc.subjectadaptationen
dc.subjectautopoieticen
dc.titleKonsep autopoiesis dalam ergonomi sistem kerja (studi kasus: industri gula)id
dc.titleAutopoietic concept on ergonomics of worksystem (case study : sugar cane industry)en


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