Pengaruh Infeksi Larva-3 Haemonchus contortus terhadap Potensi Kekebalan dan Gambaran Darah Domba Ekor Tipis

Abstract

Gastrointestinal parasite that infected sheep from West Java is Haemonchus contortus dominantly. Sheep that infected by H. contortus generally will suffering anemia to the death because of their blood loss. Attempt that could be done to solve this problem is developing local breed of sheep that resistant to H. contortus infection which can be known by examine the blood values of sheep that infected by H. contortus. Twenty Indonesian Thin-Tailed (ITT) sheep were treated by ivermectin until gastrointestinal parasite infection is zero. Eighteen sheep that are free from gastrointestinal parasite were infected orally by 3000 larvae/sheep of L3 H. contortus and two other sheep were not infected as a control. The body weight, faecal egg count, and blood values of sheep were examined during 42 days after infection. Infection of H. contortus in sheep tend to lower the value of packed cell volume, rate of haemoglobin, amount of red blood cell, and increase amount of white blood cell, but it did not cause anemia. The body weight of the sheep consistently increased during infection, but the growth rate decreased until the end of observation. The blood values that were found in the observation showed that ITT sheep has a potency of resistance to H. contortus infection.

Salah satu parasit cacing saluran pencernaan yang paling banyak menginfeksi domba di Jawa Barat ialah Haemonchus contortus. Domba yang terinfeksi H. contortus pada umumnya akan mengalami anemia bahkan kematian karena kehilangan darah. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi hal ini ialah dengan mengembangkan domba lokal yang tahan infeksi H. contortus yang dapat dianalisis dari gambaran darah sebagai gambaran kondisi fisiologis dan ketahanan ternak tersebut. Sebanyak 20 domba ekor tipis diobati dengan ivermectin sampai terbebas dari infeksi cacing. Sebanyak 18 ekor domba yang bebas cacing diinfeksi dengan L3 H. contortus per oral sebanyak 3000 larva/ekor dan 2 ekor domba tidak diinfeksi sebagai kontrol. Bobot badan, faecal egg count, dan gambaran darah domba diamati selama 42 hari setelah infeksi. Infeksi H. contortus pada domba cenderung menurunkan nilai packed cell volume, kadar haemoglobin darah, jumlah sel darah merah, dan meningkatkan jumlah sel darah putih, namun tidak sampai menyebabkan kondisi anemia. Bobot badan domba tetap meningkat selama masa infeksi, namun laju pertambahan bobot harian domba menurun sampai akhir pengamatan. Nilai gambaran darah yang ditemukan mengisyaratkan bahwa domba ekor tipis memiliki potensi kekebalan terhadap infeksi H. contortus.