Perlakuan benih untuk perbaikan pertumbuhan tanaman, hasil dan mutu benih padi serta pengendalian penyakit hawar daun bakteri dan pengurangan penggunaan pupuk fosfat

Abstract

One cause of the low rice production in Indonesia is bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and phosphate nutrient deficiency. BLB is one of the seedborne diseases. This study consisted of six trials that are related to each other. All of rhizobacteries able to produce IAA, siderophore, phosphatase enzyme, able to solubilizing phosphate, and induce the peroxidase enzyme. Only P. diminuta A6 isolate produce HCN. In Laboratory experiment, matriconditioning plus P. diminuta A6 isolate, biopriming with P. diminuta A6 isolate, and biopriming with P. aeruginosa A54 isolate were the best seed treatments to increase viability and vigor of rice seed. All of biological seed treatments could suppress Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice seed. matriconditioning plus P. aeruginosa A54 isolate was the best seed treatment to increase seedling growth. In the third experiment, the conclusions of these research are are biological seed treatment could increase plant growth of rice. Biological seed treatments of matriconditioning + P. aeruginosa isolate A54, matriconditioning + B. subtilis 5/B isolate, and biopriming with B. subtilis 11/C isolate are the best seed treatments in increasing yield of rice. Seed treatments by biopriming with P. diminuta A6 isolate , matriconditioning + P. diminuta A6 isolate, and matriconditioning + B. subtilis 11/C isolate resulted percentage of pathogen diseased leaf area. Biological seed treatments could decrease number of Xoo colony in seed. In the fourth experiment, the study concludes that seed treatment with biological agents isolates of P diminuta A6 were treated singly or mixed with B. subtilis 5/B with and without matriconditioning is the best seed treatment in increasing the growth and yield. Matriconditioning + P. diminuta A6 + B. subtilis 5/B is the best treatment in improving seed germination. Seed treatment of soaking the seeds in B. subtilis 5/B and soaking in P. diminuta A6 + B. subtilis 5/B can reduce the use of P fertilizer. Matriconditioning + P. diminuta A6 and soaking the seed in P. diminuta A6 can reduce the number of Xoo colonies on seed. In the final experiment,the first experiment concludes that (1) P fertilizer dose of 50 kg ha-1 produce plant height, number of seedling, number of filled grains and total grain per panicle, is better than applying P 100 kg ha-1, (2) seed treatment with biological agent able to increase plant height and number of seedling. (3) All seed treatments can reduce the number of Xoo colony in seed. The second experiment was conclude (1) use of P fertilizer 25 kg ha-1 and 50 kg ha-1 able to increase plant height, (2) biopriming and matriconditioning + biological control are able to reduce BLB. (3) All seed treatments can reduce the number of Xoo colonies in seed yield. Based on the overall results of the experiments showed that the isolates of P.diminuta A6 and B. subtilis A6 5/B are that have the best ability to improve plant growth through seed treatment applied. Seed soaking treatment in B. subtilis 5/B and soaking in P. diminuta A6 + B. subtilis 5/B is a treatment that can reduce the use of fertilizer P.

Keberhasilan produksi tanaman di lapang ditentukan juga oleh penggunaan benih yang baik dan bermutu. Mutu benih terdiri atas mutu fisik, fisiologis, mutu genetik, dan mutu kesehatan atau patologis. Mutu fisik, fisiologis, dan genetik telah mendapat perhatian dalam peredaran benih di Indonesia. Akan tetapi mutu patologis belum menjadi perhatian. Padahal benih merupakan salah satu sarana penyebaran penyakit, disamping sebagai faktor penentu keberhasilan produksi tanaman, termasuk tanaman padi. Salah satu penyebab masih rendahnya produksi padi di Indonesia adalah serangan penyakit hawar daun bakteri dan defisiensi hara fosfat. Penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) adalah salah satu penyakit terbawa benih. Perlakuan benih dengan agens hayati yang menggunakan mikroba yang berasal dari rizosfer tanaman padi merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mengatasi masalah di atas. Hal ini karena agens hayati tersebut memiliki kemampuan sebagai fitostimulator, biofertilizer, dan biopestisida.